1. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOS. The Past Perfect Continuous is used to talk about actions or situations that were in progress before some other actions or situations
2. PRESENT PERFECT. You use the Present Perfect to talk about actions that happened at some point in the past
3. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS. You use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now.
4. Structure Affirmative Form Subject + auxiliary( have /has ) + Verb in participle form+ complement EXAMPLE -I have talked to Peter -The man has gone away. Negative Form Subject + auxiliary (have/ has)+ not + Verb in participle Form+ Complement EXAMPLE -They haven't learned English. -I haven't met my perfect partner yet Interrogative Form Auxiliary+ subject + Verb in participle form+ complement +? EXAMPLE -Has anyone taken my bag? -Have you found the telephone number?
5. Structure Affirmative Form Subject + Had + Been + Verb+ complement EXAMPLE -John was in a detention because he had been misbehaving -Lindsay had been working at the store since 2005 when it closed. Negative Form Subject+ Had + Not+ Been+ verb in form simple EXAMPLE -Mary hadn't been waiting for longer than 10 minutes. They hadn't been traveling long before they had their first problem. Interrogative Form Had+ Subject+ Been+ Verb in form simple EXAMPLE -How long had the player been playing before he scored?
6. Structure Affirmative Form Subject + Auxliary (has/have) + BEEN + Verb in (ing)+ complement EXAMPLE -She has been learning English for 3 hours now -She has been studying English since she was 16 Negative Form Subject+ Auxiliary( has/have)+ BEEN+ Verb (ing)+complement EXAMPLE -No, I haven't been crying. I'm just cold -Don't worry, I haven't been waiting long. Interrogative Form Auxiliary(Has/have)+ Subject+ BEEN+verb (ing)+ complement +? EXAMPLE -Has Tom been walking the dog?
7. PAST SIMPLE. You use past simple for actions that finish in the past and begin in the same time
8. Structure: Affirmative Sentences subject + verb in past simple Example: -She worked all last year for a company called Kudos. -I lived in Madrid for a year in the 1990s. Negative Sentences subject + Didn't (auxiliary negative) + verb in simple form Example: -I didn't want to dance -They didn't go out last night after all Interrogative Sentences Did (auxiliary) + subject + verb in simple form Example -Did he learn English? -What time did you go to bed yesterday?
9. PRAST CONTINUOS. We use the past continuous to talk about an action that was in progress at a certain time in the past but continues in the present.
10. Structure Positive form Subject + was/were + (-ing) + Complement EXAMPLE -They were working all night long. -He was eating. Negative form Subject + wasn’t/weren’t + (-ing) + Complement EXAMPLE -Jeff wasn’t watching TV. -They weren't learning. Verb auxiliary (was/were) + Subject + (-ing) + Complement EXAMPLE - Was Jim doing his homework? -Were you talking?
11. PAST PERFECT. You use past perfect in actions in the past that happen before another action.
12. Structure Affirmative Form Subject+ had (auxiliary) + verb past participle+ complement EXAMPLE -I had visited the museum before so I knew where the Mona Lisa was. -I had met him before you introduced us. Negative Form Subject+ had+ not+ verb in past participle + complement EXAMPLE -They hadn't studied English before they went to London. -We hadn't prepared at all before we took that test. Interrogative Form Had+ subject + verb past participle+ complement ? EXAMPLE -Had I worked? -Hadn't he phoned when the policeman arrived?
