1. RESOURSE DISPERSION HYPOTHESIS
1.1. FOOD AVAILABILITY
1.1.1. CARNIVORE GROUPING
2. FEMALES AS A RESOURSE
2.1. SPACING OF MALES
2.2. MALE MONOPOLY OF SEVERAL FEMALE TERRITORIES
2.2.1. GREATEST SEXUAL DIMORPHISM
2.2.2. CARNIVORY
2.3. SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF FEMALE
2.3.1. DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD RESOURCES
2.4. SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF MALE
2.4.1. DISTRIBUTION OF FEMALES
3. GROUP SIZE AND HUNTING SUCCESS
3.1. TEMPORARY HUNTING PARTIES
3.2. POSITIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN PREY SIZE AND SOCIAL GROUP SIZE ACROSS CARNIVORA
3.2.1. COOPERATIVE HUNTING
3.3. HUNTING TOGETHER
3.3.1. INCREASE EFFICIENCY OF HUNTING AND KILLING LARGE PREY
3.4. ADVANTAGES OF GROUP HUNTING
3.4.1. SET BY DISPERSAL OF RESOURCE
4. TERRITORY SIZE VERSUS GROUP SIZE
4.1. CONSIDERING ADJACENT TERRITORIES
4.2. MEMBERSHIP OF PACKS OF SEVERAL HUNTING SPECIES
4.2.1. NO CORRELATION BETWEEN GROUP SIZE AND TERRITORY SIZE
4.2.2. INCREASE WITH TERRITORY SIZE
5. KINSHIP
5.1. AXIOMATIC
5.2. MALE LIONS INCREASE CHANCES OF PROCURING AND RETAINING A PRIDE
5.2.1. FORMING COALITIONS
5.3. SELECTION SHOULD FAVOR JOINING FORCES WITH A RELATIVE
6. ARE HELPERS HELPFUL
6.1. NON-BREEDING GROUP MEMBER
6.2. ALLOPARENTS INCREASE SURVIVORSHIP OF SILVER-BACKED AND GOLDEN JACKALS
6.3. POTENTIAL HELPERS TEMPERED BY ECOLOGICAL CIRCUMSTANCES
6.4. MOST SOCIAL GROUPS CONSIST OF RELATIVES
6.4.1. ALLOPARENTS BENEFIT FROM KINSHIP, MUTUALISM AND RECIPROCITY
7. RESOURCES, GROUP SIZE AND TERRITORY SIZE
7.1. ABUNDANCE AND DISPERSION OF AVAILABLE FOOD
7.2. HABITAT TYPES ARE AN INDEX OF PREY ABUNDANCE
7.2.1. SIZES AND CONFIGURATION OF TERRITORIES
8. TERRITORY SIZES IN CONTRASTING HABITATS
8.1. INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION
8.1.1. GROUP SIZE
8.1.2. HOME RANGE SIZE
8.2. VARIATION IN THE CONSTRAINTS IMPOSED BY FOOD DISPERSION ON GROUP FORMATION
8.2.1. PREY HOMOGENEOUSLY DISTRIBUTED
8.3. BOTTLENECK YEARS OR SEASONS
8.3.1. GROUP SHRINK BUT TERRITORIES DO NOT CONTRACT
8.4. REGULATION OF GROUP SIZE
8.4.1. INVOLVE SOCIAL STATUS
9. POPULATION DIFFERENCES IN COOPERATIVE HUNTING
9.1. LARGER PACKS
9.1.1. SUCCESSFUL AT DEFENDING FROM RIVAL PACKS THAT ARE PAIRS
9.1.2. MORE EFFECTIVE HUNTERS
9.2. HUNTING BY MAN
9.2.1. DEPRESS GROUP SIZE
9.3. SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING REGULATION OF GROUP SIZE
9.3.1. POPULATION DYNAMICS
10. ANTI-PREDATOR BEHAVIOUR
10.1. PERSONAL COMMUNICATION
10.2. PREDATORS MORE LIKELY TO BE SPOTTED
10.3. SOCIAL VIVERRIDS
10.4. VIGILANCE FOR PREDATORS
11. ALLOPARENTAL BEHAVIOUR
11.1. GUARDING AND DEFENSE OF PROVISION FOR YOUNG IS COMMON
11.2. FERAL CATS
11.2.1. IMMATURE MALES BABY-SIT KITTENS
11.2.2. BREEDING FEMALES GUARD, NURSE AND FEED OFFSPRING
12. FLEXIBLE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR
12.1. CONSPICUOUS REGARDING TERRITORY AND GROUP SIZES
12.2. CARNIVORE SOCIETIES PRODUCTS OF VARIED EFFECT ON INDIVIDUALS
12.3. CONTEMPORARY CARNIVORE SOCIETIES
12.4. ELUCIDATING CONTEMPORARY SELECTIVE PRESSURES
12.4.1. PROMOTE SOCIAL GROUPS
12.4.1.1. REQUIRES EXPLORATION OF LIMITS TO FLEXIBILITY TO EACH SPECIES