THE ECOLOGY OF CARNIVORE SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR

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THE ECOLOGY OF CARNIVORE SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR создатель Mind Map: THE ECOLOGY OF CARNIVORE SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR

1. RESOURSE DISPERSION HYPOTHESIS

1.1. FOOD AVAILABILITY

1.1.1. CARNIVORE GROUPING

2. FEMALES AS A RESOURSE

2.1. SPACING OF MALES

2.2. MALE MONOPOLY OF SEVERAL FEMALE TERRITORIES

2.2.1. GREATEST SEXUAL DIMORPHISM

2.2.2. CARNIVORY

2.3. SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF FEMALE

2.3.1. DISTRIBUTION OF FOOD RESOURCES

2.4. SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF MALE

2.4.1. DISTRIBUTION OF FEMALES

3. GROUP SIZE AND HUNTING SUCCESS

3.1. TEMPORARY HUNTING PARTIES

3.2. POSITIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN PREY SIZE AND SOCIAL GROUP SIZE ACROSS CARNIVORA

3.2.1. COOPERATIVE HUNTING

3.3. HUNTING TOGETHER

3.3.1. INCREASE EFFICIENCY OF HUNTING AND KILLING LARGE PREY

3.4. ADVANTAGES OF GROUP HUNTING

3.4.1. SET BY DISPERSAL OF RESOURCE

4. TERRITORY SIZE VERSUS GROUP SIZE

4.1. CONSIDERING ADJACENT TERRITORIES

4.2. MEMBERSHIP OF PACKS OF SEVERAL HUNTING SPECIES

4.2.1. NO CORRELATION BETWEEN GROUP SIZE AND TERRITORY SIZE

4.2.2. INCREASE WITH TERRITORY SIZE

5. KINSHIP

5.1. AXIOMATIC

5.2. MALE LIONS INCREASE CHANCES OF PROCURING AND RETAINING A PRIDE

5.2.1. FORMING COALITIONS

5.3. SELECTION SHOULD FAVOR JOINING FORCES WITH A RELATIVE

6. ARE HELPERS HELPFUL

6.1. NON-BREEDING GROUP MEMBER

6.2. ALLOPARENTS INCREASE SURVIVORSHIP OF SILVER-BACKED AND GOLDEN JACKALS

6.3. POTENTIAL HELPERS TEMPERED BY ECOLOGICAL CIRCUMSTANCES

6.4. MOST SOCIAL GROUPS CONSIST OF RELATIVES

6.4.1. ALLOPARENTS BENEFIT FROM KINSHIP, MUTUALISM AND RECIPROCITY

7. RESOURCES, GROUP SIZE AND TERRITORY SIZE

7.1. ABUNDANCE AND DISPERSION OF AVAILABLE FOOD

7.2. HABITAT TYPES ARE AN INDEX OF PREY ABUNDANCE

7.2.1. SIZES AND CONFIGURATION OF TERRITORIES

8. TERRITORY SIZES IN CONTRASTING HABITATS

8.1. INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION

8.1.1. GROUP SIZE

8.1.2. HOME RANGE SIZE

8.2. VARIATION IN THE CONSTRAINTS IMPOSED BY FOOD DISPERSION ON GROUP FORMATION

8.2.1. PREY HOMOGENEOUSLY DISTRIBUTED

8.3. BOTTLENECK YEARS OR SEASONS

8.3.1. GROUP SHRINK BUT TERRITORIES DO NOT CONTRACT

8.4. REGULATION OF GROUP SIZE

8.4.1. INVOLVE SOCIAL STATUS

9. POPULATION DIFFERENCES IN COOPERATIVE HUNTING

9.1. LARGER PACKS

9.1.1. SUCCESSFUL AT DEFENDING FROM RIVAL PACKS THAT ARE PAIRS

9.1.2. MORE EFFECTIVE HUNTERS

9.2. HUNTING BY MAN

9.2.1. DEPRESS GROUP SIZE

9.3. SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING REGULATION OF GROUP SIZE

9.3.1. POPULATION DYNAMICS

10. ANTI-PREDATOR BEHAVIOUR

10.1. PERSONAL COMMUNICATION

10.2. PREDATORS MORE LIKELY TO BE SPOTTED

10.3. SOCIAL VIVERRIDS

10.4. VIGILANCE FOR PREDATORS

11. ALLOPARENTAL BEHAVIOUR

11.1. GUARDING AND DEFENSE OF PROVISION FOR YOUNG IS COMMON

11.2. FERAL CATS

11.2.1. IMMATURE MALES BABY-SIT KITTENS

11.2.2. BREEDING FEMALES GUARD, NURSE AND FEED OFFSPRING

12. FLEXIBLE SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

12.1. CONSPICUOUS REGARDING TERRITORY AND GROUP SIZES

12.2. CARNIVORE SOCIETIES PRODUCTS OF VARIED EFFECT ON INDIVIDUALS

12.3. CONTEMPORARY CARNIVORE SOCIETIES

12.4. ELUCIDATING CONTEMPORARY SELECTIVE PRESSURES

12.4.1. PROMOTE SOCIAL GROUPS

12.4.1.1. REQUIRES EXPLORATION OF LIMITS TO FLEXIBILITY TO EACH SPECIES