Jessica Speed
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Troy 6/7a - Homeric Troy stratigraphy Toppled walls and houses Evidence of well-planned rebuilding with great walls, gates ,towers and large towers. Indicative of a break in culture, emphasised by new forms of pottery and look weights Archeologist - Rose Discovered a Roman council house, temple and theatre "close connection to Rome" Historians have long known that Augustus and his successors emphasized ties to the warrior Aeneas, as a way of legitimizing their descent from the gods. Yet, Rose states that the "Romans did more than celebrate Troy" but that excavations reveal that the Romans rebuilt Troy as a cultural and religious shrine “This is an enormous area,” Rose said, making a connection between the citadel and the mud-brick wall discovered by Kormann as being suggestive of a wealthy and bustling city Cincinnati archeologist - Carl Blegen In the 1930s, Blegen unearthed a walled city that was protected by 16ft thick, 13 ft high stone walls It was topped with towers, these towers are referenced in Homer's writings as "beetling towers" in the Illiad. Provides evidence for the occurence of an earthquake destroying Troy 6 Blegen interpreted the evidence of Troy as being a citadel too small to be Homeric troy Blegen holds a conviction that the site of Tory 7b was fortified and much larger and more complexed than previous settlements As voiced through Korfmann, Blegen is one of the people who "believed there was a kernel of truth in the (Homeric) story, but the citadel was too small to be an important place" Archeologist - Manred Korfmann Key finding of Korfmann’s international team, was the discovery of a mud-brick wall, four to six yards thick. It encompasses an area nearly nine times as large as the citadel and dates from Troy VI. Hisarlik contained 9 ancient cities built on top of each other, all surrounded by a high wall and though Schlieman started excavation at the second city, modern day archaelogists have concluded that the sixth and seventh cities are the closest canditates for what the city of Troy would have been. Excavated 15 fortifications Indicative that Troy's strategic importance due to relation to the dardanelles was a likely reason for conflict and hence , fortifications. "we shouldn't talk about the Trojan war, but a whole series of Trojan wars" Stance of continual warfare: aligns with archeological discoveries Evidence of building in haste from smaller and more crammed houses Crammed in houses means people likely moved into the city from surrounding countryside due to regular raids Immediate nature of wall repair Spear and arrowheads are indicative of violent invasion of the city Protective wall and wall added on the eastern side Indications of fire, vouch to violent Unburied remains Pithoi jars: used to store oil, grain, olives and wine are found set in the floor Pithoi jars indicate that Troy was in a constant state of siege and therefore bore hidden emergency resources as a precaution of raids Discovered extensive samples of Mycenaean pottery, dwellings and many other artifacts. Archeologist - Schliemann Misjudged stratigraphy, uncovering Troy 2 rather than Troy 6/7a Schliemann's excavation of Troy 2 was founded on the belief that the sophistication and wealth of this level correlated to Homer's writings The pottery which somewhat aligned to Homer's iliad, further led to him believing that Troy 2 was the site of Troy. The opulence of this Troy, was what Schliemann most believed to indicate that it was the Troy of Homer's Iliad. Not only were their imported goods that were indicative of trade and wealth but there was craftmanship that was suggestive of high status. Sophisticated line of defence with towers - led Schliemann to believe they were the "beetling towers" of Homer's Iliad However, though this site bore considerable inconsistencies, it could also be argued that Schliemann viewed the sheer amount of wealth as an indicator of it being the Troy of Homer's description. Schliemann is known to falsify evidence, yet in the case of stratigraphy, it could be attributed to a lack of modern evidence techniques to map out its stratigraphy, though he does falsify some facts more deliberately i.e. his wife wasn't there like he said she was His handling of sources and falsification makes it hard to distinguish the accuracy of his claims, with many of his claims regarded as a 'romantic balconey' - manifactured for his own ego and public person However, despite his inclination to falsify and exaggerate his findings, Schliemann did initiate interest in sites and the events of Homer's Iliad, allowing further investigation and evidence to be found by future experts, thus changing the course of archeology. Created a widespread belief in the reality of Homer's iliad and the events of the Trojan war. Some of his claims have been questionable and even disproved with modern evidence. The archeological link Schliemann tries to make between Homer and the site believed to be Troy, used a degree of falsification making it hard to identify truth, which was a main problem when trying to understand the Iliad in light of findings. The careless nature of the dig caused the destroying of other ancient artefacts, as he was impatient and used a hasty method to excavate Homeric troy. This criticism has been made by Greek archaeologists such as, Panagiotis Stamatakis. The land in which he conducted excavation was not where Troy was believed to be, thus The artefacts s were also found from a time period much earlier than Schliemann’s stated datings i.e. jewels claimed to belong to Helen were estimated 1000 years older than his estimations.
