CORONARY HEART DISEASE (CHD)

1. GENETICS:

1.1. apolipoproteins

1.2. low-density lipoprotein

1.3. lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase

1.4. high-density lipoprotein

1.5. cholesterol ester transfer protein

1.6. hepatic triglyceride lipas

2. DIAGNOSTICS

2.1. EKG

2.2. Stress Testing

2.3. Echocardiography

2.4. Chest Xray

2.5. Blood Tests

2.6. Coronary Angiography

2.7. Cardiac Catheterization

3. TREATMENT

3.1. HEART HEALTHY LIFESTYLE CHANGES

3.1.1. Heart Healthy Eating

3.1.2. Limit Alcohol

3.1.3. Maintain Healthy Weight

3.1.4. DASH

3.1.5. Avoid Stress

3.1.6. Low Sodium

3.2. MEDICINES

3.2.1. Statins

3.3. MEDICAL PROCEDURE/SURGERY

3.3.1. PCI

3.3.2. CABG

3.3.3. Cardiac Rehabilitation

4. References:

4.1. American Heart Association. (2017). Coronary Artery Disease- Coronary Heart Disease. Retrieved from Coronary Artery Disease - Coronary Heart Disease

4.2. McCance, K. L., & Huether, S. E., (2014). PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby, Elsevier.

4.3. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (n.d.). Coronary Heart Disease. Retrieved from Coronary Heart Disease | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

5. RISK FACTORS:

5.1. POSITIVE FAMILY HISTORY

5.1.1. 2 to 7x more likely to develop CHD

5.1.2. Risk Increases:

5.1.2.1. 1. more affected relatives

5.1.2.2. 2. the affected relative or relatives are female

5.1.2.3. 3. the age of onset in the affected relative is before 55 years

5.2. HIGH CHOLESTEROL

5.3. HYPERTENSION

5.4. CIGARETTE SMOKING

5.5. OBESITY

6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:

6.1. Caused by Atherosclerosis which is the narrowing of coronary arteries that impedes blood flow to the heart causing destruction of heart tissue known as Myocardial Infarction.

7. PREVENTION:

7.1. •Quit smoking

7.2. •Maintaining a healthy weight

7.3. •Heart-healthy eating

7.4. •Managing stress

7.5. •Physical activity

8. COMMON FINDINGS:

8.1. Leading killer of Americans accounting for approximately 25% of all deaths in the U.S.

8.2. Coronary Heart Disease is a result of Coronary Artery Disease (Fisher,E., n.d.).

9. TYPICAL WARNING SIGNS:

9.1. Chest Pain

9.2. Shortness of Breath

9.3. Palpitations

9.4. Fatigue