Body Plan and Organization

1. Directional Terms

1.1. Superior

1.1.1. Above

1.2. Inferior

1.2.1. Below

1.3. Anterior/Ventral

1.3.1. In front of

1.4. Posterior/Dorsal

1.4.1. In back of (behind)

1.5. Medial

1.5.1. Closer to the mid-line

1.6. Lateral

1.6.1. To the side

1.7. Proximal

1.7.1. Closer to where limb attaches to the main part of the body

1.8. Distal

1.8.1. Further away from where the limb attaches to the main part of the body

1.9. Superfizial

1.9.1. Closer to the surface of the body

1.10. Deep

1.10.1. Further from the surface of the body

2. Body Planes and Sections

2.1. FOUR PLANES (and corresponding color from study guide)

2.1.1. BLUE PLANE

2.1.1.1. Frontal/ Coronal

2.1.1.1.1. Extends vertically

2.1.1.1.2. Divides body into anterior and posterior parts

2.1.2. RED PLANE

2.1.2.1. Mid-Sagital

2.1.2.1.1. Equal left and right sides (in portions)

2.1.2.2. Anterior/ Posterior portions

2.1.3. YELLOW PLANE

2.1.3.1. Sagittal

2.1.3.1.1. Right and left sections

2.1.3.1.2. Extends vertically

2.1.3.1.3. Right and left aren't equal

2.1.4. GREEN PLANE

2.1.4.1. Transverse

2.1.4.1.1. Superior (upper)/ inferior (lower) portions

2.1.4.1.2. Runs horizontally from right to left

2.1.4.1.3. Also called a cross section

3. Anatomical Regions

3.1. Appendicular Region

3.1.1. Upper Limb

3.1.1.1. Acromial

3.1.1.2. Brachial (arm)

3.1.1.3. Antecubital

3.1.1.4. Antebrachia (forearm)l

3.1.1.5. Carpal (wrist)

3.1.1.6. Olecranal

3.1.2. Manus (hand)

3.1.2.1. Pollex

3.1.2.2. Palmar

3.1.2.3. Digital

3.1.2.4. Metacarpal

3.1.3. Lower Limb

3.1.3.1. Coxal (hip)

3.1.3.2. Femoral (thigh)

3.1.3.3. Patellar

3.1.3.4. Crural (leg)

3.1.3.5. Fibular or Peroneal

3.1.3.6. Popliteal

3.1.3.7. Sural (calf)

3.1.4. Pedal (foot)

3.1.4.1. Tarsal (ankle)

3.1.4.2. Metatarsal

3.1.4.3. Digital

3.1.4.4. Hallux

3.1.4.5. Calcaneal

3.1.4.6. Plantar

3.2. Axial Region

3.2.1. Cephalic (head)

3.2.1.1. Frontal

3.2.1.2. Orbital

3.2.1.3. Nasal

3.2.1.4. Oral

3.2.1.5. Mental

3.2.1.6. Occipital (back of head)

3.2.1.7. Otic

3.2.2. Cervical (neck)

3.2.3. Thoracic

3.2.3.1. Sternal

3.2.3.2. Axillary

3.2.3.3. Mammary

3.2.4. Abdominal

3.2.4.1. Umbilical

3.2.5. Pelvic

3.2.5.1. Inguinal (groin)

3.2.6. Pubic (genital)

3.2.7. Back (dorsal)

3.2.7.1. Scapular

3.2.7.2. Vertebral

3.2.7.3. Lumbar

3.2.7.4. Sacral

3.2.7.5. Gluteal

3.2.7.6. Perineal (between anus and external genitalia)

4. Structural Order of the Body

4.1. ATOM

4.1.1. Smallest unit in body

4.1.1.1. Has Carbon (C)

4.1.1.2. Has Hydrogen (H)

4.1.1.3. Has Oxygen (O)

4.2. MOLECULE

4.2.1. Has Water H2O

4.2.2. Has Oxygen O2

4.2.3. Has Carbon dioxide CO2

4.3. MACROMOLECULE

4.3.1. 4 types

4.3.1.1. Lipids

4.3.1.2. Proteins

4.3.1.3. Carbohydrates

4.3.1.4. Nucleic Acids

4.4. ORGANELLES

4.4.1. EXAMPLES

4.4.1.1. Nucleus

4.4.1.2. Ribosomes

4.4.1.3. Nuclear Membrane

4.4.1.4. Cell Membrane

4.4.1.5. Cytoplasm

4.5. CELLS

4.5.1. Several organelles together

4.5.1.1. Squamous cells

4.5.1.2. Cuboidal cells

4.6. TISSUE

4.6.1. Several cells together

4.6.1.1. Simple squamous epithelium

4.6.1.2. Loose connective

4.7. ORGANS

4.7.1. 2 or more different tissues together

4.7.1.1. Heart

4.7.1.2. Lungs

4.7.1.3. Blood Vessels

4.8. ORGAN SYSTEM

4.8.1. 2 or more organs put together

4.8.1.1. Cardiovascular System

4.8.1.2. Lymphatic System

4.8.1.3. Reproductive System

4.9. ORGANISM

4.9.1. Largest unit in body

4.9.2. Human being

4.9.2.1. Male

4.9.2.2. Female

5. Anatomical Positions

5.1. What does this look like

5.1.1. Standing straight up

5.1.2. Looking forward

5.1.3. Toes pointed forward

5.1.4. Palms facing towards front of body

5.2. Why is it important

5.2.1. Simplifies communication

5.2.2. Helps to locate things easier and faster

6. Body Systems

6.1. Integumentary System

6.1.1. Encloses internal body structures

6.1.2. Site of many sensory receptors

6.1.3. Hair

6.1.4. Skin

6.1.5. Nails

6.2. Skeletal System

6.2.1. Supports the body

6.2.2. Enables movement (with muscular system)

6.2.3. Cartilage

6.2.4. Bones

6.2.5. Joints

6.3. Muscular System

6.3.1. Enables movement (with skeletal system)

6.3.2. Helps maintain body temp

6.3.3. Skeletal Muscles

6.3.4. Tendons

6.4. Nervous System

6.4.1. Detects and processes sensory info

6.4.2. Activates bodily responces

6.4.3. Brain

6.4.4. Spinal cord

6.4.5. Peripheral nerves

6.5. Endocrine System

6.5.1. Secretes hormones

6.5.2. Regulates bodily processes

6.5.3. Pituitary gland

6.5.4. Thyroid gland

6.5.5. Pancreas

6.5.6. Adrenal glands

6.5.7. Testes

6.5.8. Ovaries

6.6. Cardiovascular System

6.6.1. Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues

6.6.2. Equalizes temp in the body

6.6.3. Heart

6.6.4. Blood vessels

6.7. Lymphatic System

6.7.1. Returns fluids to blood

6.7.2. Defends against pathogens

6.7.3. Thymus

6.7.4. Lymph nodes

6.7.5. Spleen

6.7.6. Lymphatic vessels

6.8. Respiratory System

6.8.1. Removes carbon-dioxide from body

6.8.2. Delivers oxygen to blood

6.8.3. Nasal passage

6.8.4. Trachea

6.8.5. Lungs

6.9. Digestive System

6.9.1. Processes food for use by the body

6.9.2. Removes wastes from undigested food

6.9.3. Stomach

6.9.4. Liver

6.9.5. Gall bladder

6.9.6. Large intestine

6.9.7. Small intestine

6.10. Urinary System

6.10.1. Controls water balance in the body

6.10.2. Removes wastes from the blood and excretes them

6.10.3. Kidneys

6.10.4. Urinary bladder

6.11. Male Reproductive System

6.11.1. Produces sex hormones and gametes

6.11.2. Delivers gametes to female

6.11.3. Epididymis

6.11.4. Testes

6.12. Female Reproductive System

6.12.1. Produces sex hormones and gametes

6.12.2. Supports embryo/fetus until birth

6.12.3. Produces milk for infant(s)

6.12.4. Mammary glands

6.12.5. Ovaries

6.12.6. Uterus