Strategy as a management discipline (Galliers et al, 1999 quoted in Sims et al 2007) (Jones 1998)

1. Classical: Strategy as a rational process. It stresses rationality and analysist, specialization of work, leaders/managers perceived as an authoritarian figure whose knowledge is not question

2. Systemic: Strategy reflects the social-and cultural- system in which it occurs. It acknowledges the effect of local cultures and systems of values (Approaches to strategy dominate by Anglo-american discourse)

3. Processual: Pragmatic view of strategy: it is not only a rational and deliberate process. Predictability occurs. Learning as a mean of developing ideas.Learning from experience.Learning from experience, rather than learning from research.

4. Evolutionary: unpredictability of the environment. Ecological approach: rationality of strategy and authority of managers are questioned in view of the uncontrolable