1. Anxiety Disorders
1.1. Phobias
1.1.1. Most common phobias
1.1.1.1. Aracnofobia Fobia social Aerofobia Agorafobia Claustrofobia
1.1.2. Intense, unreasonable and persistent fear caused by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation.
1.2. Social Anxiety Disorders
1.2.1. Is characterized by extreme and persistent fear or anxiety and avoidance of social situations in which the person could potentially be evaluated negatively by others
1.3. Panic Disorders
1.4. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
1.4.1. Continuous state of excessive, uncontrollable, and pointless worry and apprehension.
1.4.1.1. People with generalized anxiety disorder often worry about routine, everyday things, even though their concerns are unjustified.
1.5. Fear = Anxiety. Anxiety will help us prepare or avoid.
2. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
2.1. Involve intrusive, unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviors.
2.1.1. Causes
2.1.1.1. The disorder is five times more frequent in the first-degree relatives of people with OCD than in people without the disorder.
2.2. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
2.2.1. Experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted (obsessions) and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions).
2.3. Body Dysmorphic Disorder
2.3.1. Is preoccupied with a perceived flaw in their physical appearance that is either nonexistent or barely noticeable to other people.
2.3.1.1. The person engages in repetitive behavioral and mental acts, such as constantly looking in the mirror, trying to hide the offending body part, comparisons with others, and, in some extreme cases, cosmetic surgery.
2.4. Hoarding Disorder
2.4.1. Cannot get rid of personal possessions, regardless of how valueless or useless these possessions are.
3. Trauma-and-Stressor-Related Disorders
3.1. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
3.1.1. Extremely stressful or traumatic events, such as combat, natural disasters, and terrorist attacks, place the people who experience them at an increased risk for developing psychological disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
4. Mood Disorders
4.1. Mood disorders are characterized by massive disruptions in mood. Symptoms can range from the extreme sadness and hopelessness of depression to the extreme elation and irritability of mania.
4.2. Major depressive disorder
4.2.1. Symptoms
4.2.1.1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day (feeling sad, empty, hopeless, or appearing tearful to others)
4.2.1.2. Loss of interest and pleasure in usual activities.
4.2.1.3. Feeling overwhelmingly sad most of each day.
4.2.1.4. No interest or enjoyment in activities that previously were gratifying, such as hobbies, sports, sex, social events, time spent with family, and so on.
4.2.2. Diagnosis
4.2.2.1. Significant weight loss (when not dieting) or weight gain and/or significant decrease or increase in appetite;
4.2.2.2. Difficulty falling asleep or sleeping too much;
4.2.2.3. Psychomotor agitation or psychomotor retardation;
4.2.2.4. Fatigue or loss of energy;
4.2.2.5. Feelings of worthlessness or guilt;
4.2.2.6. Difficulty concentrating and indecisiveness; and
4.2.2.7. Suicidal ideation or attempt.
4.2.3. Subtypes
4.2.3.1. Seasonal pattern
4.2.3.2. Postpartum depression
4.2.3.3. Persistent depressive disorder
4.2.3.3.1. Depressed moods most of the day nearly every day for at least two years, as well as at least two of the other symptoms.
4.3. Bipolar disorder
4.3.1. Symptoms
4.3.1.1. Mood that is almost euphoric.
4.3.1.2. Excessively talkative.
4.3.1.3. Spontaneously starting conversations with strangers.
4.3.1.4. Excessively irritable.
4.3.1.5. Abruptly switching from one topic to another.
4.3.1.6. May exhibit grandiosity.
4.3.1.7. Engage in recklessly pleasure activities that could have harmful consequences. (Gambling, reckless driving, etc.)
4.3.2. The person often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania.
4.3.2.1. Manic episode
4.3.2.1.1. Is characterized as a “distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy lasting at least one week,” that lasts most of the time each day.
5. Psychotic Disorders
5.1. Schizophrenia
5.1.1. Symptoms
5.1.1.1. Hallucination
5.1.1.2. Delusions
5.1.1.3. Disorganized thinking
5.1.1.4. Disorganized or abnormal motor behavior
5.1.1.5. Negative symptoms
5.1.2. Causes
5.1.2.1. Both genetic vulnerability and environmental stress are necessary for schizophrenia to develop.
5.1.2.2. Obstetric complications. (That affect brain development)
5.1.2.3. Another variable that is linked to schizophrenia is marijuana use.
5.1.3. Schizophrenia is considered a psychotic disorder - the person’s thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where he/she is not able to function normally in life.
6. Dissociative Disorders
6.1. Dissociative amnesia
6.1.1. The individual is unable to recall important personal information. (They may even forget who they are and adopt another identity for a few hours or days)
6.1.2. It usually follows an extremely stressful or traumatic experience such as combat, natural disasters, or being the victim of violence.
6.2. Depersonalization/Derealization disorder
6.2.1. Depersonalization
6.2.1.1. The person believes his/her movements, thoughts and feelings are not their own.
6.2.2. Derealization
6.2.2.1. The person feels that the world surrounding them is not real.
6.3. Dissociative identity disorder(Multiple personality disorder)
6.3.1. People with dissociative identity disorder exhibit two or more separate personalities or identities, each well-defined and distinct from one another.
6.3.2. Causes
6.3.2.1. About 95% of people with DID were physically and/or sexually abused as children.
6.4. Characteristics
6.4.1. Characterized by an individual becoming split off, or dissociated, from her core sense of self.
6.4.2. Memory and identity become disturbed.
6.4.3. These disturbances have a psychological rather than physical cause.
7. Personality Disorders
7.1. People with personality disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture, is pervasive and inflexible, begins in adolescence or early adulthood, and causes distress or impairment.
7.2. DSM-5
7.2.1. Cluster A
7.2.1.1. Schizoid
7.2.1.1.1. Lacks interest and desire to form a relationship with others; aloof and shows emotional coldness and detachment; Indifferent to approval or criticism others; lacks close friends or confidants; not due to schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders, not an autism spectrum.
7.2.1.2. Paranoid
7.2.1.2.1. Pervasive and unjustifiable suspiciousness and mistrust of others; Reluctant to confide in or become close to others. Takes offense easily, reads hidden demeaning, bears grudge; not due to schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders.
7.2.1.3. Schizotypal
7.2.1.3.1. Exhibits eccentricities in thought, perception, emotion, speech and behavior; shows suspiciousness or paranoia; has unusual perceptual experiences; speech is often idiosyncratic; not due to schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder, or to autism spectrum disorder.
7.2.2. Cluster B
7.2.2.1. Antisocial
7.2.2.1.1. Continuos violates the rights of others; history os antisocial tendencies prior to age 15; often lies, fights, and has problems with the law; impulsive and fails to think ahead; can be deceitful and manipulative in order to gain profit or pleasure; irresponsible and often fails to hold down a job or pay financial debts; lacks feelings for other and remorse.
7.2.2.2. Histrionic
7.2.2.2.1. Excessively overdramatic, emotional, and theatrical; feels uncomfortable when not the center of others' attention; behavior is often inappropriately seductive or provocative; speech is highly emotional but often vague and diffuse; emotions are shallow and often shift rapidly; may alienate friends with demands for constant attention.
7.2.2.3. Narcissistic
7.2.2.3.1. Overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance and preoccupied with fantasies of success; believes he is entitled to special treatment form others; shows arrogant attitudes and behaviors; takes advantages of others; lacks empathy.
7.2.2.4. Boderline
7.2.2.4.1. Unstable in self-image, mood, and behavior; cannot tolerate being alone and experiences chronic feelings of emptiness; unstable and intense relationships with others; behavior is impulsive, unpredictable and sometimes self-damaging; shows inappropiate and intense anger; makes suicidal gestures.
7.2.3. Cluster C
7.2.3.1. Avoidant
7.2.3.1.1. Socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation: avoids occupations that involve interpersonal contact because of fears of criticism or rejection; avoid relationships with others unless guaranteed to be accepted unconditionally; feels inadequate and vies self as socially inept and unappealing; unwilling to take risks pr engage in new activities if they may probe embarrassing,
7.2.3.2. Dependet
7.2.3.2.1. Allows others to take over and run her life; is submissive, clingy, and fear separation, cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from other; lacks self-confidence; cannot do things on her own; feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone.
7.2.3.3. Obssesive-compulsive
7.2.3.3.1. Pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability ti complete tasks; preoccupied with details, rules, order and schedules; excessively devoted to work at the expense of leisure and friendships; rigid, inflexible, and stubborn; insists things be done his way; miserly with money.