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CRIME por Mind Map: CRIME

1. MEXICO - Historically, since the early days of bank and train robbery in the old West, Mexico is used by the United States robber used it to be their hideout.

2. Forcible Rape

2.1. Forcible rape is an international crime when it occurs during wartime and when it is associated with international trafficking in persons.

2.2. There are estimated number of 200,00 Korean women being raped by Japanese Soldier during World War II and 20,000 Chinese women during the Rape of Nanking year 1937 and many more cases around the globe during those war days.

2.2.1. COSTA RICA - Children that witnessed violence and murder in their countries is traced back as part of the chapulines, mostly homeless children who use their numbers to steal from unwary passersby through rolling them or stripping them of valuables.

2.3. Migration of crime-prone groups into a country

2.3.1. UNITED STATES - Children of immigrants from war-torn countries have been involved in robbery. Southeast Asian gang members in the US from Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos who are known to commit home invasion robberies.

3. The rise of sex business establishment arises during the Vietnam war period, North Carolina, being the largest military based had a he number of prostitutes. Women being raped in purpose by these “officers” was a way of forcing them to enter prostitutions.

4. Among international components may be migration of potential robbers from a foreign country, the use of a foreign country as a hideout for robbers wanted in another country, and the enforcement of drug laws “imported” from a foreign country,

5. STREET CRIMES

5.1. Murder

5.1.1. Countries that have the highest murder cases are those countries who have a high rate of socioeconomic inequality traced to the colonialism of Europe. The domination of colonial powers lead to a high rates of murder in those countries.

5.1.2. Many researches and studies showed that blacks are the most victimized individuals during those times in South Africa.

5.1.3. Colombia has a long history of violence. Resulting from the bitter rivalry between the Conservative and Liberal parties, the War of a Thousand Days (1899–1902) cost an estimated 100,000 lives, and up to 300,000 people died during La Violencia of the late 1940s and 1950s.

5.2. Robbery

5.2.1. Two important factors in the globalization of robbery

5.2.1.1. Use of foreign countries as hideouts

5.2.1.1.1. BELGIUM/AUSTRALIA - The Great Train Robbery of 1963 which is pulled off by Ronnie Biggs in England.

5.3. NAMIBIA - Karibib Heist, involving one million Namibian dollars, and the Brakwater Heist of over six million Namibian dollars.

5.4. BAHAMAS - Stateless Children are who have emigrated illegally from Haiti are mostly unemployed that leads on the conclusion that robbery and other illegal activities is the only way for them to survive.

5.5. Assault

5.5.1. Assault typically results from family violence or a feud between members of rival gangs, occurring within local neighborhoods within a country. However, assault can also occur in one nation as a result of immigration policy or covert activities of another nation regarding the first nation’s political activities.

5.5.2. Transnational assault - occurs when a gang member or members from one nation go to another country to assault individuals or gang members in that nation.

5.6. Theft

5.6.1. Theft becomes a global crime when it happened in one country against a citizen of another country or when things stolen are taken across international borders possibly for resale, in case of vehicle theft.

5.6.2. Factors of vehicle theft in the Great Britain:

5.6.2.1. "Chunnel" under the English Channel which provides a portal through which stolen vehicles can be transported from Britain to other countries

5.6.2.2. lenient treatment of vehicle theft as a crime

5.6.2.3. high rates of unemployment

5.6.2.4. immigration

5.6.2.5. high rates of various forms of drug and human trafficking

5.6.2.6. freedom of trade with other European Unions

5.6.2.7. lack of deterrence on the part of the juvenile justice system in Britain

6. HIGH-LEVEL CRIMES

6.1. Organized Crime

6.1.1. Organized crime does not only exist in USA but branched out in other countries. It now includes blacks, Italians, Canadians, Colombians, Cubans, Irish, Japanese, Mexicans, Russians and Vietnamese (President’s Commission on Organized Crime, 1986).

6.2. White-Collar Crime

6.2.1. White collar crimes are criminal activities which are nonviolent but involves fraud, money laundering, to which are done for financial gain.

6.2.2. Identity theft crimes include ATM fraud, credit card fraud, and advance fee swindles

6.2.2.1. LOTTERY SCAMS - emails will be sent to you claiming that you have been randomly picked as a winner for a lottery. This includes you being required to send in your personal information such as your address, number, etc so that the ‘prizes’ could be sent in.

6.2.2.2. NIGERIAN FREE SCAMS are those emails which are more detailed. Basically, these emails offer you funds, which are described as funds left in a tragedy, or excess funds from the government, or inheritance from a distant relative, and more. Next, it will explain why it wants to send you the funds in the first place, but before receiving said funds, you will have to pay fifteen percent of the amount of the funds first and disclose your personal information. Once the scammer is provided with the information, they can easily assume your identity

6.2.2.2.1. MALWARE - Malware are computer viruses and unsolicited malware. It results from browsing through unsafe websites and can slow down and disable a computer. It can also result to email spams which can lead to great financial loss upon the computer user.

6.2.2.3. It refers to “a conspiratorial enterprise pursuing profit or power through provision of illegal goods and/or services, involving a systematic use of force or threat of force” (Winslow and Zhang, 2008).

6.3. Terrorism

6.3.1. According to Turner (2010), “Terrorist organizations, no doubt, have found it easier to recruit followers in countries where CIA activities have generated an unfavorable view of the US. CIA activities may have more directly led to terrorism in situations when the Agency ignored or even participated in drug trafficking and terrorism,”

6.4. Steve Kangas, a former in US Army intelligence, claimed that the CIA “identifies right-wing groups within the country (usually the military), and offers them a deal: ‘We’ll put you in power if you maintain a favorable business climate for us.’ The Agency then hires, trains and works with them to overthrow the existing government”

7. Comparative Criminology is the study of crime globally and internationally .

8. 5 essential legal systems in the world:

8.1. Civil Law - laws created under this system can easily be reinforced because it solely focuses on determining fact of the case rather than where or not due process has been followed.

8.2. Common Law - Developed in Britain to resolve conflict between landlords and vassals (tenants) during feudalism.

8.3. Islamic Law

8.4. Socialist Law

8.5. Customary Law