1. Aggression & violence supply the individual with power & prestige that boosts self-image.
2. Rape-an act of aggression, not passion against another.
2.1. Types
2.1.1. Date
2.1.2. Marital
2.1.3. Statutory
2.2. Victimizer
2.2.1. Mother is “seductive but rejecting” toward child.
2.2.2. Mother's dominance over son continues into adult life.
3. Father domineering, impulsive, & physically abusive.
4. Victim
4.1. Mother passive,submissive & denigrates her role of wife/mother. Unaware of, or at least suspects, incestuous relationship but uses denial or keeps quiet out of fear of being abused by husband.
4.2. For “stranger rape,” victims chose b/c right place/right time, not b/c or appearance or behavior.
4.3. Presence of weapon (real or not) is principal measure of the degree to which a woman resists attacker.
4.4. Victim responses
4.4.1. Expressed response pattern
4.4.2. Controlled response pattern
4.4.3. Compounded rape reaction
4.4.4. Silent rape reaction
5. Incest
5.1. An impaired spousal relationship
6. Theories
6.1. Psychodynamic theory
6.1.1. Unmet needs for satisfaction & security result in an underdeveloped ego & a poor self-concept.
6.2. Learning theory
6.2.1. Children learn to behave by imitating role models as abuse children.
6.3. Sociocultural theories
6.3.1. Societal influences
6.3.1.1. Aggressive behavior is primarily a product of one’s culture and social structure. The American culture was founded on a general acceptance of violence as a means of solving problems.
6.3.1.2. Individuals feel needs & desires not met relative to other people.
7. Sexual assault
8. Child abuse
8.1. Physical abuse:
8.1.1. Examples??
8.2. Emotional abuse:
8.2.1. Results in serious impairment of the child’s social, emotional, or intellectual functioning
8.3. Neglect
8.3.1. Physical
8.3.2. Emotional
8.4. Sexual
8.4.1. Exploitation
8.5. Characteristics of the abuser
8.5.1. Abused previously
8.5.2. Lack of support
8.5.3. Stress
8.5.4. Lack of understanding of child development
8.5.5. Lack of adaptive coping strategies
8.5.6. Expects the child to be perfect
9. History of Abuse
9.1. Puritans - property
9.2. Biblical perspective
9.2.1. Subservient
9.2.2. Spare the rod
9.3. Protection began 20th century
10. Assessment
10.1. Intimate partner abuse
10.1.1. Profile of the victim
10.1.1.1. 85% are women.
10.1.1.2. Battering - a pattern of coercive control founded on & supported by physical &/or sexual violence or threat of violence of intimate partner.
10.1.1.3. All age, racial, religious, cultural, educational, and socioeconomic groups. They often have low self-esteem.
10.1.1.4. Abusive childhood
10.1.1.5. Inadequate support systems.
10.1.2. Profile of the victimizer
10.1.2.1. Men with low self-esteem, pathologically jealous, presenting a “dual personality,” & exhibiting limited coping ability &severe stress reactions.
10.1.2.2. The spouse is viewed as a personal possession.
10.1.3. The cycle of battering
10.1.3.1. Phase I, tension-building phase
10.1.3.2. Phase II, acute battering incident
10.1.3.3. Phase III, calm, loving, respite (honeymoon) phase
10.1.4. Why does she stay?
10.1.4.1. Fear for life or children's lives
10.1.4.2. Lack of support network for leaving
10.1.4.3. Religious beliefs
10.1.4.4. Lack of finances
11. Nursing diagnoses
11.1. Rape-trauma syndrome
11.2. Powerlessness
11.3. Delayed growth and development
11.4. Nursing intervention
11.4.1. Safety