Abuse or Neglect

1. Aggression & violence supply the individual with power & prestige that boosts self-image.

2. Rape-an act of aggression, not passion against another.

2.1. Types

2.1.1. Date

2.1.2. Marital

2.1.3. Statutory

2.2. Victimizer

2.2.1. Mother is “seductive but rejecting” toward child.

2.2.2. Mother's dominance over son continues into adult life.

3. Father domineering, impulsive, & physically abusive.

4. Victim

4.1. Mother passive,submissive & denigrates her role of wife/mother. Unaware of, or at least suspects, incestuous relationship but uses denial or keeps quiet out of fear of being abused by husband.

4.2. For “stranger rape,” victims chose b/c right place/right time, not b/c or appearance or behavior.

4.3. Presence of weapon (real or not) is principal measure of the degree to which a woman resists attacker.

4.4. Victim responses

4.4.1. Expressed response pattern

4.4.2. Controlled response pattern

4.4.3. Compounded rape reaction

4.4.4. Silent rape reaction

5. Incest

5.1. An impaired spousal relationship

6. Theories

6.1. Psychodynamic theory

6.1.1. Unmet needs for satisfaction & security result in an underdeveloped ego & a poor self-concept.

6.2. Learning theory

6.2.1. Children learn to behave by imitating role models as abuse children.

6.3. Sociocultural theories

6.3.1. Societal influences

6.3.1.1. Aggressive behavior is primarily a product of one’s culture and social structure. The American culture was founded on a general acceptance of violence as a means of solving problems.

6.3.1.2. Individuals feel needs & desires not met relative to other people.

7. Sexual assault

8. Child abuse

8.1. Physical abuse:

8.1.1. Examples??

8.2. Emotional abuse:

8.2.1. Results in serious impairment of the child’s social, emotional, or intellectual functioning

8.3. Neglect

8.3.1. Physical

8.3.2. Emotional

8.4. Sexual

8.4.1. Exploitation

8.5. Characteristics of the abuser

8.5.1. Abused previously

8.5.2. Lack of support

8.5.3. Stress

8.5.4. Lack of understanding of child development

8.5.5. Lack of adaptive coping strategies

8.5.6. Expects the child to be perfect

9. History of Abuse

9.1. Puritans - property

9.2. Biblical perspective

9.2.1. Subservient

9.2.2. Spare the rod

9.3. Protection began 20th century

10. Assessment

10.1. Intimate partner abuse

10.1.1. Profile of the victim

10.1.1.1. 85% are women.

10.1.1.2. Battering - a pattern of coercive control founded on & supported by physical &/or sexual violence or threat of violence of intimate partner.

10.1.1.3. All age, racial, religious, cultural, educational, and socioeconomic groups. They often have low self-esteem.

10.1.1.4. Abusive childhood

10.1.1.5. Inadequate support systems.

10.1.2. Profile of the victimizer

10.1.2.1. Men with low self-esteem, pathologically jealous, presenting a “dual personality,” & exhibiting limited coping ability &severe stress reactions.

10.1.2.2. The spouse is viewed as a personal possession.

10.1.3. The cycle of battering

10.1.3.1. Phase I, tension-building phase

10.1.3.2. Phase II, acute battering incident

10.1.3.3. Phase III, calm, loving, respite (honeymoon) phase

10.1.4. Why does she stay?

10.1.4.1. Fear for life or children's lives

10.1.4.2. Lack of support network for leaving

10.1.4.3. Religious beliefs

10.1.4.4. Lack of finances

11. Nursing diagnoses

11.1. Rape-trauma syndrome

11.2. Powerlessness

11.3. Delayed growth and development

11.4. Nursing intervention

11.4.1. Safety