1. Germination
1.1. Two teeth developed from one root
1.2. Causes
1.2.1. Hereditary
1.2.2. Abnormal odontogeny
1.3. Common location
1.3.1. Anterior maxillary teeth
1.4. Clinical Appearance
1.4.1. Bifid crown, each half is symmetrical
1.5. Roots
1.5.1. Single root and root canal
2. 4. Bell stage
2.1. Odontoma
2.1.1. Consist of
2.1.1.1. COMPOUND: resembles a collection of small teeth
2.1.2. Treatment
2.1.2.1. surgical removal.
2.1.2.2. extraction hard tissue
2.1.2.3. extraction teeth
2.2. Amelogenesis Imperfecta
2.2.1. Description
2.2.1.1. Abnormal formation of the enamel or external layer of the crown of teeth,
2.2.2. Treatment
2.2.2.1. Low in taking sugar
2.2.2.2. Need orthodontic treatment, such as braces or appliances
3. 5. Apposition and maturation phase
3.1. Enamel Dysplasia
3.1.1. Description
3.1.1.1. Faulty development of enamel from interference involving ameloblast
3.1.2. Causes
3.1.2.1. Birth-related trauma
3.1.2.2. Ectodermal dysplasia,Basan Type EEC
3.1.2.3. Exposure to certain chemical
3.1.2.4. Local infection
3.1.2.5. Malnutrition
3.1.2.6. Vitamin D -dependent ricket
3.1.3. Treatment
3.1.3.1. For light cases : bleaching
3.1.3.2. For serious cases : dentist will drill out the infected area and fill in the cavities
3.2. Enamel Pearl
3.2.1. Description
3.2.1.1. Sphere of enamel on root
3.2.2. Causes
3.2.2.1. Babies born to an older mother
3.2.2.2. Infant born past their due date
3.2.2.3. Infant born with a higher than average birth weight
3.2.3. Treatment
3.2.3.1. Union of root structure of two or more teeth by cementum
3.2.3.2. In the newborn babies: the dentist will rule out the prescence of natal teeth
3.2.3.3. Scalling and root planning
3.2.3.4. Periodontal pocket reduction
3.3. Concrescence
3.3.1. Description
3.3.1.1. This case rarely occurs in deciduous teeth.
3.3.2. Causes
3.3.2.1. Some cases which occurs in front teeth is caused by : - developmental - inflammation - the prescence of deep proximal carious lesion with involvement of the pulp and chronic periodontitis
3.3.3. Treatment
3.3.3.1. Where tooth are symptomatic, endodontics and extraction are viable
4. 2. Bud stage
4.1. Macrodontia
4.1.1. abnormal large teeth
4.1.2. Causes
4.1.2.1. splitting the enamel organ
4.1.2.2. fusion of 2 adjacent tooth germs
4.1.2.3. childhood
4.1.2.4. race
4.1.2.5. gender
4.1.3. Treatments
4.1.3.1. palate expander
4.1.3.2. braces/retainer
4.1.3.3. teeth shaving
4.1.3.4. teeth removal
4.2. Microdontia
4.2.1. abnormal small teeth
4.2.2. Causes
4.2.2.1. hereditary factors
4.2.2.2. pituitary dwarfism
4.2.2.3. chemotherapy/radiation
4.2.2.4. Down syndrome
4.2.2.5. ectodermal dysplasia
4.2.3. Common tooth affected
4.2.3.1. permanent lateral incisor
4.2.3.2. permanent third molar
4.2.4. Effects
4.2.4.1. esthetic
4.2.4.2. spacing
4.2.5. Treatments
4.2.5.1. restorative crown (lateral incisor)
4.2.5.2. extraction (third molar)
4.2.5.3. veneers
4.2.5.4. composites
5. 3. Cap stage
5.1. Dens in Dente
5.1.1. The enamel organ invaginating into the dental papilla
5.1.2. Causes
5.1.2.1. Infection
5.1.2.2. Trauma
5.1.2.3. Growth pressure of dental arches
5.1.2.4. Rapid proliferation of IEE
5.1.3. Treatment
5.1.3.1. Intentional replantation
5.1.3.2. Root canal treatment
5.1.3.3. Periapical surgery with retrogade filling
5.1.3.4. Extraction
5.1.4. Common location
5.1.4.1. Maxillary lateral incisors and canine
5.2. Fusion
5.2.1. Union of two adjacent tooth germs
5.2.2. Causes
5.2.2.1. Physical force or pressure on the tooth area
5.2.3. Common location
5.2.3.1. Anterior mandible teeth
5.2.4. Clinical Appearance
5.2.5. Roots
5.2.5.1. Separate roots and root canals
6. 1. Initiation stage
6.1. Anodontia
6.1.1. Absence of single or multiple teeth
6.1.2. Caused by
6.1.2.1. an inherited genetic defect
6.1.2.2. usually associated with ectodermal dysplasia
6.1.3. Treatment
6.1.3.1. Dentures
6.1.3.2. Dental bridges
6.1.3.3. Dental implants
6.2. Hyperdontia
6.2.1. Condition that causes too many teeth to grow in the mouth
6.2.2. Caused by
6.2.2.1. associated with several with several hereditary conditions
6.2.2.2. example: Gardner's syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
6.2.3. Treatment
6.2.3.1. For some cases hyperdontia does not need any treatment but the dentist will recommend to remove the extra teeth if you have these problems.
6.2.3.2. Problems: cannot chew and brush properly, feel pain or discomfort, have an underlying genetic condition causin the extra teeth to appear.