1. Black Humor
1.1. created by the poor to use against the wealthy
1.2. Examples
1.2.1. Zeca's death
1.2.2. Celina's death
1.2.3. Dona Beth's Letter
1.2.4. Gerson crying over son's death
1.2.5. Mariela trying to kill her husband
1.3. Advocates for humor:
1.3.1. Peter Gay
1.3.2. Sahlins
1.3.3. Bakhtin
1.3.4. David B. Morris
1.4. Significant role in power relations
1.5. A Form of Protest
1.6. Connection between laughter and absurdity
1.7. "bad taste" in humor
1.8. The poor are caught in limited circumstances where the only option is "absurdist laughter"
2. Schools
2.1. Has Class system
2.1.1. Public School
2.1.1.1. Poor Class
2.1.1.2. Mediocre at best
2.1.2. levels of private education
2.1.2.1. Middle Class
2.1.2.2. Upper Class
3. Class Division
3.1. Upper Class
3.1.1. Have their own black humor
3.1.2. Knowledge of the poor
3.1.3. Distanced misery
3.1.4. White Race
3.2. Middle Class
3.2.1. Dependent on others to do the work
3.2.2. Pay someone to do the manual labor
3.2.3. Be economically and politically involved in the country
3.2.4. Living Space
3.2.4.1. Division of an Apartment
3.2.4.1.1. Social Area
3.2.4.1.2. Intimate Area
3.2.4.1.3. Service Area
3.2.5. Believe they are doing the Servant Class a favor by hiring them as domestic workers
3.2.6. Mostly White Race
3.3. Lower Class
3.3.1. Servant Class
3.3.1.1. Slave labor at slave wages
3.3.2. Domestic Workers
3.3.2.1. Lowest Paying job
3.3.2.2. Filled by Afro-Brazilian Women
3.3.2.3. 14 hour work days
3.3.2.4. They Talk differently
3.3.3. Referred to as the "Low Others"
3.3.4. Industrial labor
3.3.5. Manual Labor force
3.3.6. Dark/Black Race
3.3.7. Working Class
3.3.7.1. Most often the victims of police violence
3.3.7.2. But they are the biggest supporters of violent police actions
3.4. Racial Identities
3.4.1. Black
3.4.2. Dark
3.4.3. Brown or Mixed
3.4.4. Light
3.4.5. White
3.4.5.1. Better Chances of Succeeding
3.4.5.2. More Opportunities
3.4.5.3. New node
3.4.6. Closed
3.4.7. Freckled
4. Violence
4.1. Experienced in different intensities depending on socioeconomic class
4.2. Falava Gangs
4.2.1. Often provide the only economic stimulus in poor communities
4.2.2. Seen as protectors
4.2.2.1. From other gangs
4.2.2.2. Of Children
4.2.3. They Rule with:
4.2.3.1. Violence
4.2.3.2. Fear
4.2.3.3. Terror
4.2.4. Alternative to low-paying wage labor
4.2.5. Give sense of belonging and identity to young men
4.2.6. Drug trafficking
4.2.6.1. Drug Chiefs are important local figures
4.2.6.1.1. Provide housing
4.2.6.1.2. Provide Cash to those in need
4.2.6.1.3. Provide Jobs for young men
4.2.6.2. Drug use in the poor communities not common
4.2.7. Dilmar - current gang leader
4.2.8. Ivo - previous gang leader
4.2.8.1. Lulu - corrupt police officer working with Ivo
4.2.8.1.1. He terrorized the community
4.2.8.1.2. Extorted money from Ivo
4.2.9. Alternate rule of law
4.2.10. Seen as necessary as they can do what police can not do
5. Sexuality in Brazil
5.1. Important anthropological work written by males such as:
5.1.1. Peter Fry
5.1.2. Richard Parker
5.1.3. James Green
5.2. Public flirtation
5.2.1. Elaborate and beloved game
5.2.2. Showing appreciation for women's bodies
5.3. Woman write about it, but are less cited
5.3.1. Because feminist writing is viewed as too essential
5.3.2. Because feminist writing is viewed as too "sex-negative."
5.4. Metaphors of eating and food have sexual meanings
5.5. Men have basic needs that must be met
5.6. People in Brazil have a double standard when it comes to girls and boys
5.7. Rape in shantytowns
5.7.1. Not seen as acceptable
5.7.2. Sometimes provokes a gang to murder in retaliation
5.7.3. Men in the family try to protect the women in the family
5.7.4. But sometimes women are left without protection
5.7.5. Retelling stories of rape provide a way for "sexuality, violence, and female victimization to be dealt with by humor."
5.8. Marilia
5.8.1. Tried to poison her husband Celso with rat poison
5.8.1.1. Everyone thought it was funny that Celso did not die
5.8.1.2. Found humor and irony in the fact that nothing went right for Marilia - even when she tried to kill her husband
5.8.2. She had had a rough life
5.8.3. Her mother had died suddenly
5.8.4. Two siblings were in crime and drug trafficking
5.8.5. Spent 11 years moving between relative's houses and endured varying types of abuse
5.8.6. She lost her virginity to Celso and had a child
5.8.7. Celso courted other women and did not care for Marilia and their son
5.8.8. Everything had gone wrong in her life and everyone was rooting for her to have some success in life
5.8.9. Celso was abusive and unfaithfu and "hard to kill"
6. Solutions to the Problems
6.1. Call for action
6.2. Extend a democratic rule of law to the lower classes
6.3. Promote human rights
6.4. Need to completely reform the police forces
6.4.1. Need to end the human rights abuses and corruption within the police force
6.4.2. Police force needs to stop ignoring the parts of law they find inconvenient
6.5. Support a more equal rule of law
6.6. Consolidate democracy
6.7. Democracy needs to be filtered to all classes, not just the top classes while leaving the bottom classes isolated
7. Author
7.1. Schooling
7.1.1. Cornell University
7.1.1.1. Mexico
7.1.1.2. Equador
7.1.2. University of California-Berkley
7.1.2.1. Brazil
7.2. Research
7.2.1. Many Ideas
7.2.1.1. Class Relations
7.2.1.2. AIDS effect
7.2.1.3. Women in Shantytowns
7.2.2. Hands on Research
7.2.2.1. Participant-observer in shantytown
7.2.2.2. Enter into people's lives
7.3. Writing
7.3.1. Protect Identity of People
7.3.1.1. Imprecise references to location
7.3.1.2. Use of Pseudonyms
7.3.1.3. Digital alteration of photographs
7.3.2. Style
7.3.2.1. Humorous
7.3.2.1.1. part of her Jewish heritage
7.3.2.2. Dark
7.3.2.3. Ironic
8. Brazil
8.1. Enormous Inequality
8.2. Export Oriented
8.3. Largest slave economy in the world
8.3.1. Triangular trade with Great Britain
8.3.2. Needed for Sugar plantations
8.4. Carnival
8.4.1. Time of Laughter
8.4.2. Time of Forgetting
8.4.3. Time of Remembering
8.5. San Paulo
8.5.1. Economically Advanced
8.5.2. Success in Coffee
8.6. Rio de Janerio
8.6.1. Principle importer of foreign goods
8.6.2. City of Contrasts
8.6.2.1. Poverty
8.6.2.2. Inequality
8.6.2.3. Racism
8.6.2.4. Violence
8.6.3. Second Largest City
8.6.4. Second Most Important Port
8.7. Social Apartheid
9. Resistance
9.1. Subtle
9.2. Unorganized
9.3. Spontaneous
9.4. Done with Humor
9.5. Females resisted by becoming prostitutes
9.6. Male oppositional culture
10. Felicidade Enterna
10.1. The People
10.1.1. Gloria
10.1.1.1. 14 Children
10.1.1.1.1. Soneca
10.1.1.1.2. Not seen as Children for long
10.1.1.1.3. Children grow up fast in order to survive
10.1.1.2. Domestic Worker
10.1.1.2.1. Earned $6 a day
10.1.1.2.2. Worked for Dona Beth
10.1.1.3. Primary informant
10.1.1.4. Her Childhood Resembled Slavery
10.1.1.5. She was seen as a strict (even abusive) mother
10.1.1.5.1. She made Lucas eat his own excrement after defecating in his bed
10.1.1.5.2. Tiago had to parade around town with a wet, urine-stained bedsheet after he wet his bed
10.1.1.5.3. Alexandro's hand had purposely been burned for stealing money
10.1.1.5.4. "She was cruel, in order to be kind"
10.1.1.6. She took children in, but also cast them out
10.1.1.6.1. She took in Lucas
10.1.1.6.2. She cast out Filomena
10.1.1.6.3. She cast out Fernanda
10.1.1.6.4. She took in Marta
10.1.2. Isadora and Zuco
10.1.2.1. Owned a bar and store
10.1.2.2. Part of the wealthy in town
10.1.2.3. Money a strain between friendship
10.1.3. Mirelli
10.1.3.1. Favorite goddaughter and cousin of Gloria
10.1.3.2. Never experienced childhood
10.1.3.3. Parents were alcoholics
10.1.3.3.1. Mother died when Mirelli was 6 years old
10.1.3.4. Part of FUNABEM
10.1.3.4.1. Dirty
10.1.3.4.2. Crowded
10.1.3.4.3. Abusive
10.1.3.5. Finished forth grade
10.1.3.6. Started having children at 14
10.1.4. Street Children
10.1.4.1. Represented in film: Pixote
10.1.4.2. Recruited to do the dirty work
10.1.4.3. Involved in illicit activities and drug dealings
10.1.4.4. Middle & Upper Class see them as bandits
10.1.4.4.1. Death Squads often sent to cleanse the streets of the children
10.1.4.5. Street work helps support their family
10.1.4.6. Very vulnerable
10.1.5. Pedro Paulo
10.1.5.1. Gloria's Son
10.1.5.1.1. Part of Red Command
10.1.5.1.2. Followed Bob Marley's music and politics
10.1.5.1.3. In Prison
10.1.5.1.4. Died on the Streets
10.1.6. Adilson
10.1.6.1. Gloria's ex-son-in-law
10.1.6.2. Murdered by the local gang
10.1.7. Marieta
10.1.7.1. Gloria's godchild
10.1.7.2. Pacifier part of her trademark
10.1.7.3. She had a growth on her buttocks
10.2. The Conditions of Felicidade Enterna
10.2.1. Dirty 10' by 15' shacks
10.2.2. Very few owned cars
10.2.3. Less than 100 houses
10.2.4. Small kitchens
10.2.5. Tiny bathrooms
10.2.6. Inconsistent water supply