1. Themes
1.1. Investiture
1.1.1. Power
1.1.2. Relationships
1.1.3. Authority
1.2. Temporal vs Divine Authority
1.2.1. holy
1.2.1.1. sacred
1.2.1.2. pure
1.2.1.3. clergy
1.2.2. profane
1.2.2.1. temporal
1.2.2.2. mundane
1.2.2.3. worldly
1.2.2.4. laity
1.2.3. Gelasian Doctrine (Two Swords)
1.2.4. Dictatus Papae - popes above all
1.3. power
1.3.1. relationships
1.3.1.1. allegiances
1.3.1.1.1. friendship
1.3.1.2. loyalty
1.3.1.3. gift-exchange/reciprocity
1.3.2. rituals
1.3.3. charismatic
1.3.4. impermanent/non-institutional
1.3.5. hierarchy
1.3.6. kingship
1.3.7. lordship
1.4. Reform Movement
1.4.1. Cluniac reforms
1.4.2. Gregorian Reforms
1.4.2.1. Clerical celibacy
1.4.2.2. Simony
1.4.2.3. "free" election of bishops
1.4.3. Peace and Truce of God Movement (targeting laity)
1.4.4. Reform movement among laity
1.5. Papacy
1.5.1. Roman bishop
1.5.2. Head of Church (Primacy)
2. Key Texts
2.1. Simony and Election
2.1.1. 5. Peter Damian, A Letter to Bishop Cunibert of Turin, 1064
2.1.2. 6. Andrew of Strumi, Description of the Preaching of Ariald in Milan, ca. 1075
2.1.3. 7. Arnulf of Milan, On the Patarenes, ca. 1072–1077
2.1.4. 8. Pope Gregory VII, A Letter to Adela, Countess of Flanders, November 10, 1076
2.1.5. 9. Humbert of Silva Candida, On Simony, 1058
2.1.6. 10. Peter Damian, On Simony, 1052
2.2. Truce of God
2.2.1. 1. Rodulfus Glaber, Description of the Peace and Truce of God, ca. 1036–1046
2.2.2. 2. Bishops of the Auvergne, Canons of the Council of Le Puy, 994
2.3. Election
2.3.1. 11. Gerhard of Augsburg, How Ulrich Became Bishop of Augsburg, ca. 993, and Berno of Reichenau, How Ulrich Became Bishop of Augsburg, ca. 1030
2.3.2. 12. King Dagobert Invests Saint Omer, 11th Century
2.3.3. 13. Annales Romani, Description of the Synod of Sutri, ca. 1046, and Bonizo of Sutri, Description of the Synod of Sutri, ca. 1085
2.3.4. 14. Wibert, How Bruno of Toul Became Pope, 1054?
2.3.5. 15. Roman Synod, Papal Election Decree, 1059
2.4. Monastic Reform
2.4.1. 3. William of Aquitaine, Foundation Charter of the Monastery of Cluny, 910
2.4.2. 4. Peter Damian, On the Life of the Hermit Romuald of Ravenna, 1042
2.5. Henry IV vs Gregory
2.5.1. 16. An Account of Henry’s Minority, ca. 1106
2.5.2. 17. Pope Gregory VII, A Letter to Supporters in Lombardy, July 1, 1073
2.5.3. 18. Pope Gregory VII, A Letter to Duke Rudolf of Swabia concerning Henry IV, September 1, 1073
2.5.4. 19. Pope Gregory VII, The Dictatus papae, 1075
2.6. First Confrontation
2.6.1. 20. Pope Gregory VII, Admonition to Henry, December 8, 1075
2.6.2. 21. Emperor Henry IV, Response to Gregory’s Admonition, Early 1076
2.7. Canossa
2.7.1. 22. Lampert of Hersfeld, Account of Canossa, ca. 1077
2.7.2. 23. Pope Gregory VII, A Letter to the German Princes, January 1077
2.8. Civil War
2.8.1. 24. Sigebert of Gembloux, An Antiking Is Elected, 1077
2.8.2. 25. Roman Synod, The Decrees against Lay Investiture, November 19, 1078, and March 7, 1080
2.8.3. 26. Pope Gregory VII, A Letter to Hermann of Metz, March 15, 1081
2.8.4. 27. Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, A Letter to Hugh Candidus, ca. 1084–1085
2.8.5. 28. Pope Gregory VII, Deathbed Testament, ca. 1085
2.9. Compromise
2.9.1. 29. Ivo, Bishop of Chartres, A Letter to the Apostolic Legate Hugh of Lyon, 1097
2.9.2. 30. Emperor Henry V and Pope Calixtus II, The Agreements of Worms, 1122
2.10. Papal Doctrine
2.10.1. Donation of Constantine (alleged to be forgery already by court of Otto I (1001CE)
3. Pataria movement in Milan
3.1. ultra papalist
3.2. Alliance with papacy as reformers
3.3. violent
3.4. mob rule
3.5. urban autonomy (communes)
4. Factions
4.1. Reformers
4.2. Traditionalists
4.3. Indeterminates
4.4. Imperials
4.5. Papal supporters
4.6. Urban Communes
4.7. Aristocrats
4.8. Rebels
5. The Historical Situation
5.1. Synod of Worms (January, 1076)
5.1.1. Synod in Rome (February, 1076)
5.1.1.1. Meeting at Trebur (October, 1076)
5.1.1.1.1. Canossa (January, 1077)
5.1.1.1.2. At Trebur, the papal legates and German princes meet to discuss what to do about Henry
5.1.1.2. At Rome, Gregory deposes Henry
5.1.2. At Worms Henry deposes Gregory
6. Game Play
6.1. Narrative:
6.1.1. Pataria
6.1.1.1. Synod of Worms 1
6.1.1.1.1. Worms 2
6.1.1.2. Question: Papal supremacy over the episcopate
7. Game Mechanics
7.1. Goals
7.1.1. Primary Goals
7.1.1.1. Winning VP Points
7.1.1.1.1. Factions wins most debates
7.1.1.1.2. Debate positions win characters VPs
7.1.1.2. Winning Debates
7.1.1.2.1. Faction victory (2 VP)
7.1.1.2.2. Points for votes you win (possible 6 VP)
7.1.2. Secondary Goals
7.1.2.1. Win followers
7.1.2.1.1. via Friendship/Good communication
7.1.2.1.2. Graces
7.1.2.2. Eliminate Rivals
7.1.2.2.1. Assassination
7.1.2.2.2. Excommunication (popes)
7.1.2.2.3. Simony Accusation
7.2. tools
7.2.1. voting
7.2.2. graces
7.2.3. excommunication/simony accusation
7.2.4. assassination
7.3. strategy
7.3.1. Faction leaders needs to understand their member's **goals** and **strengths**
7.3.1.1. should leaders have opening spreadsheet with names, bios, military strength, voting strength
7.3.1.2. Finding a way to collaborate more efficiently helps process
7.3.2. Players need to have good communications skills
8. What works well?
8.1. Player's Manual
8.1.1. Brief bios
8.1.1.1. Very useful for tracking who might join your faction and identifying opponents
8.2. Complexity and diversity of goals makes for interesting game
9. Problems
9.1. Timing
9.2. Debates
9.2.1. Debates don't seem to matter
9.2.1.1. How to make debates matter more?
9.2.1.2. little *in the game* incentivizes good speech preparation (marks do, perhaps)
9.2.1.3. Votes seem overdetermined, less chance that great rhetoric sways voting
9.2.2. Debates don't seem to have enough structure
9.2.2.1. Why?
9.2.2.1.1. not clear definition of class time
9.2.2.1.2. not enough time to get debates finished
9.2.2.1.3. inadequate preparation
9.2.2.2. Is this improved with a preset series of topics rather than letting mediators choose debate topics?
9.2.3. Not enough time for proper debates
9.2.4. orphan topics
9.2.4.1. People need to give a talk on a topic, but it doesn't come up due to other strategic priorities
9.3. Reputation attacks didn't work
9.3.1. how to make rhetorical attacks matter more
9.3.1.1. develop more robust rumour channel?
9.4. Communication
9.4.1. Would a different platform help out of class discussion (i.e. would a discord make the class easier/ flow better)?
9.4.2. How to encourage faction discussions and engagement
9.5. Does the game need more chaos?
9.5.1. Yes - it will help shake up factions and make debate voting seem less robotic
9.5.1.1. Character sheet special objectives could sow more animousity/ alliance building
9.6. Does the game need more formal game mechanisms
9.6.1. Is votes and graces too simple? How else could we make the game have more opportunities to participate
9.6.2. Are there other ways of introducing randomness
9.6.2.1. dice currently used
9.6.2.2. maybe cards?
9.6.2.3. or **event cards** that introduce randomness?
9.7. Does the game need a map or a gameboard of some sort?
9.8. Indeterminates feel disconnected
9.8.1. Need more info to feel linked to others
9.8.2. feel lack of agency
9.9. Character sheets
9.9.1. More details on character sheets for assignments
9.10. Debate preparation
9.10.1. Reading list incl. specific primary sources
9.11. Political game makes you loose track of character motivations
10. Proposed Solutions
10.1. Time
10.1.1. Allot more time for each debate (3hrs)
10.1.2. Organize time more rigourously
10.1.2.1. 5 minute faction meeting at opening
10.1.2.2. 15 minute opening statement speeches
10.1.2.3. Open discussion
10.1.2.4. 15 minute end of class
10.2. Flow
10.2.1. Book classroom for hour after class
10.2.1.1. Professor should stick around afterwards for discussion
10.2.1.2. Students need to have a place to brainstorm/socialize after class
10.2.2. Add more dedicated actions rounds
10.2.2.1. Add more action? How?
10.2.2.2. Have time in class to spend brainstorming and enacting strategies?
10.2.2.3. Encourage better out of class means to share plans, strategies etc.
10.3. Improved Debates
10.3.1. Introduce people's choice awards - that each debate students vote on a winner of the best speech
10.3.2. Change debates into If/then propositions around game mechanics?
10.3.2.1. If a debate goes one way or another, could their be a condition (unknown to players) that will happen - an additional reward/ limitation advantage/disadvantage that changes the nature of the game.
10.3.3. Formalize debates
10.3.3.1. Assign certain speakers to define an idea and to present major propositions, before opening it up for general debate
10.3.3.2. Adopt a scholastic method of discussion: pro vs cons