Cultural Barriers on Breastfeeding/ Chestfeeding

1. School/ Nursery/ Childcare

1.1. time away from baby

1.2. limitations on feeding routine/preferences

2. Fear

2.1. misinformation

2.2. past experiences with feeding

3. Socioeconomic Status

3.1. demographics

3.1.1. race

3.1.2. prejudice

3.1.2.1. implicit bias to persons perceived needs

3.2. lack of equitable access

3.3. biasedly limiting support services

3.4. redlining business development that influences support access

4. Family

4.1. opinions

4.2. intimate partner violence

4.3. partners feeding interest

4.4. imposed beliefs

4.5. religious influence

5. Healthcare providers

5.1. misinformation

5.2. sabotaged care

5.3. marketing mixed with care practices

5.4. lack of equitable access in hospital

5.5. denying access to infant

5.6. denying patient agency

6. Trauma

6.1. childhood

6.2. sexual assault

6.3. IPV

6.4. Birth trauma

7. Employment

7.1. proper places to pump

7.2. paid leave limitations

7.3. short leave or NO leave

7.4. loss of job placement or job security

8. Location

8.1. rural without access

8.2. segregated neighborhoods

8.3. support service limitations

9. Body Image

9.1. phobias

9.2. trauma history

9.3. weight concerns

9.4. sexualization of breast/chest

10. Mental Health

10.1. personal fears

10.2. trauma/childhood history

10.3. medications

10.4. external influences affecting choice making

11. Community Support

11.1. lactation groups

11.2. social expectations

11.3. opinions vs. evidence

11.4. pressure to bottle feed

12. Social Norms

12.1. bottle pushing

12.2. EBF shaming

12.3. comparison

12.4. imposed expectations