1. Argentina
1.1. Juan Domingo Perón
1.1.1. Perón set Argentina on a course of industrialization and state intervention in the economy, calculated to provide greater economic and social benefits for the working class.
1.1.2. Populism with nationalism and rallying support through rhetoric
2. Brazil
2.1. Getúlio Vargas
2.2. Estado Novo
2.2.1. Dictatorial period (1937–45) in Brazil during the rule of President Getúlio Vargas, initiated by a new constitution issued in November 1937.
2.3. There was an excess of coffee in the economy, causing Brazil to have to burn some of its supply.
2.4. Import Substitution Industrialization was a new economic measure implemented during Vargas's rule. Through focusing on developing Brazil's domestic economy, this tactic intended to decrease Brazil's reliance on imports and other nations to support their economy.
3. Cuba
3.1. Dictator: Fidel Castro
3.2. Tourism became a large part of Cuba's economy
3.3. "The Red Umbrella" by Christina Diaz Gonzalez tells the story of a fourteen year-old girl who moves from Cuba to the United States under Operation Pedro Pan. The operation helped children flee from Castro's rule, relating to Cuban history which we learned in IB History of the Americas 1.
4. Mexico
4.1. Porfirio Diaz
4.1.1. During his first four years in office, Díaz began a slow process of consolidation of power and built up a strong political machine. His administration achieved a few public improvements but was more noted for its suppression of revolts.
4.1.2. Church under Diaz
4.1.2.1. Ley Juarez: Limited the role of the church in politics (separate church and state)
4.1.2.2. Diaz gave enforcement of laws to local government which led to a wide range of enforcement
4.1.3. Agriculture: They sold land to bankers, land barons, and foreign investors. Also created large haciendas.
4.1.3.1. Terrenos Baldios Law: State surveyed land looking for deeds of ownership.
4.1.4. Mining and Textile industry was dominated by U.S. and European corporations. U.S. workers had better working conditions than natives. Workers held strikes for better work conditions and pay but the government made no changes.
5. Chile
5.1. Augusto Pinochet
5.2. Pinochet was determined to exterminate leftism in Chile and to reassert free-market policies in the country’s economy. His junta was widely condemned for its harsh suppression of dissent, although its reversal of the Allende government’s socialist policies resulted in a lower rate of inflation and an economic boom between 1976 and 1979
6. Nicaragua
7. The United States
7.1. Government
7.1.1. Is a representative democracy, as opposed to a direct democracy, as representatives make decisions regarding the progression of the nation.
7.1.2. There are 3 branches of Government
7.1.2.1. Legislative
7.1.2.1.1. The House of Representatives
7.1.2.1.2. The Senate
7.1.2.2. Executive
7.1.2.2.1. The President
7.1.2.2.2. The Cabinet
7.1.2.3. Judicial
7.1.2.3.1. The Supreme Court
7.1.3. The Bureaucracy consists of federal departments and agencies that help implement and monitor legislation
7.2. Imperialism lead to intervention in Latin American countries
7.2.1. The United States intervened in Chile through helping Augusto Pinochet take power as he supported capitalism, while Salvador Allende, the previous president, believed in socialist economic policies. As the U.S. wanted to prevent the spread of communism, they removed Allende from power to do so.
7.2.2. In 1961, the U.S. sent trained Cuban exiles to Cuba to try to prevent Fidel Castro's rise to power.