1. Longitude allows us to delimit the meridians, which are imaginary lines drawn parallel to the Earth's main axis.
2. Besides the Equator, there are other parallels:
2.1. Tropic of Cancer: also known as the Tropic of Crab, is a parallel located north of the Equator. It delimits the northern equatorial and subequatorial zones. It corresponds to the northernmost declination of the solar elliptic to the celestial equator. It is an imaginary geographical line located at latitude 23.4372° North.
2.2. Tropic of Capricorn: is the parallel located south of the Earth's equator and is one of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the earth. It delimits the southern tropical zone, which corresponds to a boundary of the solstice, which is the southernmost declination of the sun's elliptic on the celestial equator.
2.3. Arctic Circle: parallel located in the northern hemisphere. Polar Circles are the The lines defined by the points of intersection between the surface of the planetary sphere and an imaginary straight line passing through the center of the planet so as to be always perpendicular to the ecliptic plane, providing at least one complete rotation of the planet.
2.4. Antarctic Circle - parallel located in the southern hemisphere. Polar circles are the lines defined by the points of intersection between the surface of the planetary sphere and an imaginary straight line passing through the center of the planet so as to be always perpendicular to the ecliptic plane, providing at least one complete rotation of the planet.
3. Longitude helps in the position of points on the earth and also helps in referencing the time zones of planet earth. For each 15° range of longitude there is a variation of one time zone.
4. Latitude is an angle created between the equator and a predicted point.
4.1. Is important to facilitate the positioning and addressing of any existing location on the earth's surface.
5. The points positioned north of the equator have latitudes greater than 0° and vary up to 90°, being the latitude of the north geographic pole. Similarly, the latitudes south of the Earth's equator vary from 0° to 90°, the latitude of the south geographic pole.
