1. What's Passive voice?
1.1. A passive construction occurs when you make the object of an action into the subject of a sentence.
1.2. The passive voice is used when we want to emphasize the action (the verb) and the object of a sentence rather than subject.
2. Characteristic of Passive voice
2.1. 1. Passive sentences using the third form of the verb 2. There is an auxiliary sentence in the form of 'to be' 3. There is the word 'by' after the verb. But there are also passive sentences that do not use the word 'by'
3. Formula
3.1. Simple present
3.1.1. S + is/am/are + V3
3.1.1.1. Many cars are made in Japan
3.2. Simple past
3.2.1. S + was/were + v3
3.2.1.1. We were invited to Daniel and Mary’s wedding
3.3. Simple future
3.3.1. S + will be + v3
3.3.1.1. The contract will be signed tomorrow
3.4. Present continuous
3.4.1. S + is/am/are + being + V3
3.4.1.1. The document is being sent right now
3.5. Future continuous
3.5.1. S + will be being + V3
3.5.1.1. The house will be being cleaned tomorrow
3.6. Past continuous
3.6.1. S + was/were + being +V3
3.6.1.1. Their cars were being washed while they were in the mall shopping.
3.7. Present perfect
3.7.1. S + have/has + been + V3
3.7.1.1. That start-up has been sold for $5 million.
3.8. Past conditional
3.8.1. S + would have been + V3
3.8.1.1. The house would have been built by then.
3.9. Modals: can/could
3.9.1. S + can/could + be + V3
3.9.1.1. The shelf can’t be reached.
3.10. Modal: must
3.10.1. S + must be + V3
3.10.1.1. The task must be finished now.
3.11. Past perfect
3.11.1. S + had been + V3
3.11.1.1. The new manager had been hired before John left the company.