1. Health and Safety
1.1. Problems
1.1.1. Contaminated Food
1.1.1.1. No laws or regulations as to what was going into food.
1.1.2. Lack of Healthcare
1.1.2.1. Many workers were getting sick and sometimes dying due to lead poisoning.
1.2. Reformers
1.2.1. Upton Sinclair
1.2.1.1. Wrote a novel called The Jungle exposing the lack of safety and sanitation for workers.
1.2.2. Alice Hamilton
1.2.2.1. Taught factory owners how to make there factory's safer and keep the air clean.
1.2.3. Lillian Wald
1.2.3.1. Came up with nurses going to there patients. Also created the idea of a school nurse.
1.3. Solutions
1.3.1. Pure Food and Drug Act
1.3.1.1. A meat inspection act to supervise what was going into packaged food.
1.3.2. Visiting Nurse Programming
1.3.2.1. So that nurses could help people in there own home. Also so nurses could help sick school children.
2. Workers Rights
2.1. Problems
2.1.1. Low Wages
2.1.1.1. Could not make enough to support there families so there children had to work in factories too.
2.1.2. Long Work Days
2.1.2.1. Unsafe and unsanitary conditions.
2.2. Reformers
2.2.1. Samuel Gompers
2.2.1.1. Fought for laws that would limit the work day to 8 hours. Gompers also helped start the American Federation of Labor (AFL)
2.2.2. Labor Unions
2.2.2.1. People in Labor Unions could ask for better pay, safer working conditions, or shorter days. If the employer said no the Union would stop working.
2.3. Solutions
2.3.1. American Federation of Labor
2.3.1.1. AFL slowly changed laws that limited work hours and raised wages.
2.3.2. Strikes
2.3.2.1. A method the Labor Unions used to get what they wanted. They would stop working when the employer said no to one of there demands.
3. Suffrage
3.1. Problem
3.1.1. Right to vote
3.1.1.1. Women did not have the same rights as men like the right to vote
3.2. Reformers
3.2.1. National American Womens Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
3.2.1.1. Focused on getting individual states votes for women.
3.2.2. Elizabeth Cady Stanton
3.2.2.1. Served as the first president for NAWSA
3.2.3. Susan B. Anthony
3.2.3.1. In 1896 Anthony became the NAWSA president
3.3. Solution
3.3.1. 19th amendment
3.3.1.1. Gave women full voting rights
4. Prohibition
4.1. Problems
4.1.1. Alcoholisim
4.1.1.1. Believed it was connected to insanity, violence and led to poverty.
4.1.2. Immortality
4.1.2.1. Alcohol led to immorality
4.2. Reformers
4.2.1. Mary Hunt
4.2.1.1. Felt Prohibition would promote morality and better health.
4.2.2. Carrie Nation
4.2.2.1. Took a hatchet to saloons to preach the evils of alcohol.
4.2.3. Temperance Movement
4.2.3.1. Called a ban on the sale of alcohol.
4.3. Solutions
4.3.1. 18th Amendment
4.3.1.1. Banned the manufacture and sale of alcohol in the US
4.4. Government interference problems
4.4.1. 21st Amendment
4.4.1.1. Repealed prohibition
4.4.2. Speakeasies
4.4.2.1. Illegal nightclubs that sold liqueur
4.4.3. Bootleggers
4.4.3.1. made money by transporting and selling liqueur illegally
4.4.4. Organised crime
4.4.4.1. Criminal gangs battled fro control of bootlegging operations.
5. Poverty
5.1. Problems
5.1.1. Crowded Tenements
5.1.1.1. Tenements lacked water electricity and helped spread disease quickly
5.1.2. Urban Slums
5.1.2.1. Crowded tenements took over whole neighbor hoods
5.2. Reformers
5.2.1. Jacob A Riis: Photographed slums and exposed conditions for people in poverty.
5.2.2. Jane Addams: She and her friend opened up settlement houses which offered things such as child care and classes.
5.3. Solutions
5.3.1. Reform laws were put in place and living conditions improved
6. Corruption
6.1. Problems
6.1.1. Political Machines
6.1.1.1. Organizations that influenced votes and local governments, gave bribes to people who who supported there agenda. Some political machines worked to do good in there community.
6.1.2. Tammany Hall
6.1.2.1. Led by William M. Tweed. Tammany Hall stole enormous amounts of money from the city.
6.2. Reformer
6.2.1. Robert M. La Follette
6.2.1.1. Created the first state to use a direct primary (where voters choose candidates for there party's.
6.3. Solution
6.3.1. Direct Primary
6.3.1.1. Government reforms like voters being able to propose laws, voters being able to vote on proposed laws, and letting people vote on kicking people out of there office.
7. Child Labor
7.1. Reformers
7.1.1. The National Child Labor Committee (NCLC)
7.1.1.1. Worked to expose working conditions that children faced, get support for state level child labor laws, and create compulsory education laws
7.1.2. Lewis Hine
7.1.2.1. He took photos of the children working in factories to show how horrible it was. He helped inspire support for child labor laws and compulsory education.
7.2. Solution
7.2.1. Showing people the horrible conditions children had to work in.
8. Racism
8.1. Problems
8.1.1. Segregation
8.1.1.1. Separated white and black people in public places
8.1.2. Jim Crow Laws
8.1.2.1. Made unfair laws like requiring black people to take a pole test in order to vote
8.2. Reformers
8.2.1. Ida B. Wells
8.2.1.1. An African American journalist who worked to fight against black lynchings in the south.
8.2.2. W.E.B Dubois
8.2.2.1. Helped start the N.A.A.C.P
8.2.3. Booker T. Washington
8.2.3.1. Founded the Tuskegee institute
8.3. Successes
8.3.1. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
8.3.1.1. Worked hard to end discrimination against African Americans in the US. This group is still working today.
8.3.2. Tuskegee Institute
8.3.2.1. This school helped African Americans learn trades and gain economic strength. A school that provided the best education for African Americans.
9. Conservation
9.1. Problem
9.1.1. Loss of Natural Resources
9.1.1.1. Teddy Roosevelt had seen a gradual reduction of natural resources
9.2. Reformers
9.2.1. Teddy Roosevelt
9.2.1.1. Preserved more than 200 million acres of wildlife.
9.2.1.2. Pushed to pass federal laws on where and how a person could cut down trees.
9.2.2. John Muir
9.2.2.1. Helped Roosevelt
9.3. Solution
9.3.1. Wildlife Refuge
9.3.1.1. Established the first wildlife refuge.
9.3.2. National Parks
9.3.2.1. Established national parks. No one is able to harm trees on national parks.