1. Unit 1
1.1. Module 1
1.1.1. Lesson 1
1.1.1.1. Matter
1.1.1.1.1. Everything that exists
1.1.1.2. Solid State
1.1.1.2.1. A state of matter with a defined structure.
1.1.1.3. Liquid State
1.1.1.3.1. Molecules that are packed kind of tightly, but aren't arranged in any structure.
1.1.1.4. Gas State
1.1.1.4.1. They expand to fit any container they're in.
1.1.1.5. Kinetic Energy
1.1.1.5.1. The energy of motion
1.1.1.6. Temperature
1.1.1.6.1. The kenetic energy of particles
1.1.1.7. Thermometer
1.1.1.7.1. Measues the average kenetic energy of particles.
1.1.1.8. Kelvin Scale
1.1.1.8.1. A measure of temperature where 0 is absolute zero and 37,315 is the boiling point of water.
1.1.1.9. Potential Energy
1.1.1.9.1. How much potential energy somthing has depends on how far it is from the ground.
1.1.1.10. Thermal Energy
1.1.1.10.1. The energy of heat. Changes the state of matter.
1.1.1.11. Atoms
1.1.1.11.1. A nucleus made up of nutrons and protons, being orbited by electrons.
1.1.1.12. Substances
1.1.1.12.1. Anything made of atoms (Basically everything.)
1.1.1.13. Elements
1.1.1.13.1. Specific types of atoms.
1.1.1.14. Compound
1.1.1.14.1. Two or more elements combined.
1.1.1.15. Molecule
1.1.1.15.1. A group of atoms.
1.1.1.16. Periodic Table of Elements
1.1.1.16.1. Lists all the elements we've dicovered so far.
1.1.1.17. Element Symbols
1.1.1.17.1. Element symbols are like abrreviations of an element but don't always make sence (i.e K for Potassium.)
1.1.1.18. Chemical Formula
1.1.1.18.1. Two or more elements combined.
1.1.2. Lesson 2
1.1.2.1. Jacques Charles
1.1.2.1.1. French Scientist who described the relatioship between temperature and volume of gas.
1.1.2.2. Volume Temperature Law
1.1.2.2.1. Volume of gas increases with temperature, if preesuure is constant.
1.1.2.3. Thermal Contraction
1.1.2.3.1. When something gets colder, it shrinks.
1.1.2.4. Thermal expansion
1.1.2.4.1. When something gets warmer, it expandes.
1.1.2.5. Systems
1.1.2.5.1. Materials and object involed the the transfer of energy.
1.1.2.6. Heating
1.1.2.6.1. The transfer of thermal energy from a place with high temperature to a place with lower temperature.
1.1.2.7. Pressure
1.1.2.7.1. The amount of force per unit area.
1.1.2.8. Phase Change
1.1.2.8.1. When matter changes from one state to another.
1.1.2.9. Melting
1.1.2.9.1. Solid matter trasitioning to a liquid.
1.1.2.10. Freezing
1.1.2.10.1. Liquid matter trasitioning to a solid.
1.1.2.11. Condensation
1.1.2.11.1. Gas trasitioning to a liquid.
1.1.2.12. Vaporization
1.1.2.12.1. Liquid matter trasitioning to a gas.
1.1.2.13. Boiling vs. Evaporation
1.1.2.13.1. Boiling is all the water turning into a gas, evaporation only turns the surface of water into a gas.
1.1.3. Lesson 3
1.1.3.1. Robert Boyle
1.1.3.1.1. A british scientist who lived from 1627-1691
1.1.3.2. Boyles Law - Pressure and Volume
1.1.3.2.1. Is the relationship between pressure and volume, the more pressure, the less volume there is, and vise versa.
1.1.3.3. Boyles Law - Number of particles
1.1.3.3.1. Is the relationship between pressure and the number of particles, the more particles, the more pressure there is, and vise versa.
1.1.3.4. Boyles Law - Pressure and States of matter
1.1.3.4.1. Is the relationship between pressure and the atmosheric pressure, the lower the atmoshereic pressure, the less pressure there is, and vise versa.
1.1.4. Lesson 4
1.1.4.1. Molecules
1.1.4.1.1. Groups of atoms
1.1.4.2. Nonmetal Gases
1.1.4.2.1. Many nonmetals are gases at room temperature. They can be individual atoms or have two of the same atom. Doesn't conduct electricity or thermal energy well. Has high potential and kinetic energy.
1.1.4.3. Nonmetal Solids
1.1.4.3.1. Individual atoms of the same type connected to form an extended structure. Don't conductors of electricity and thermal energy well. Have low potential and kinetic energy.
1.1.4.4. Metals
1.1.4.4.1. Solid at room temperature. These are shiny and malleable, so they can slide past each other without breaking. Allow electric and thermal energy to move in between. They have very high melting and boiling points.
1.1.4.5. Ionic Compounds
1.1.4.5.1. This is when one of the electrons leaves one element, and joins another element. So, they bond.
1.1.4.6. Covalent Compounds
1.1.4.6.1. They share electrons.
1.1.4.7. Polar Covalent Compounds
1.1.4.7.1. Some compounds have one side with a positive charge, and one side with a negative charge. This makes them stick to things.
1.1.4.8. Nonpolar Covalent Compounds
1.1.4.8.1. The opposite of polar covalent, they don't attract
1.1.4.9. Dissolving
1.1.4.9.1. Polar dissolves polar, nonpolar dossplves nonpolar ,or like dissolves like.
1.2. Module 2
1.2.1. Lesson 1
1.2.1.1. Qualitative Characteristics
1.2.1.1.1. Characteristics that you can obsereve.
1.2.1.2. Quantitative Characteristics
1.2.1.2.1. Characteristics that you can measure.
1.2.1.3. Mass
1.2.1.3.1. The amount of matter in a substance.
1.2.1.4. Weight
1.2.1.4.1. The pull of gravity on matter.
1.2.1.5. Volume
1.2.1.5.1. The amount of space something has.
1.2.1.6. Density
1.2.1.6.1. Mass over volume.
1.2.1.7. Chemical Properties
1.2.1.7.1. Properties that can be obsrved only when it reacts or changes from one substance to another.
1.2.1.8. Flammability
1.2.1.8.1. The ability of matter to burn easily
1.2.1.9. Oxidation
1.2.1.9.1. When substances react with oxidizing agents.
1.2.1.10. Reactivity
1.2.1.10.1. When a substannce reacts with another substance.
1.2.1.11. Solubility
1.2.1.11.1. The ability of one substance to disolve in antoher.
1.2.2. Lesson 2
1.2.2.1. Chemical Changes
1.2.2.1.1. When the chemical copisition changes in an object.
1.2.2.2. Chemical Reactions
1.2.2.2.1. When two elements or atoms react together.
1.2.2.3. Chemical Equations
1.2.2.3.1. An equation that shows what will be made if you add certain chemicals or elements.
1.2.2.4. Products
1.2.2.4.1. The atoms or substances that go out of an equation.
1.2.2.5. Reactants
1.2.2.5.1. The atoms or substances that go into an equation.
1.2.2.6. Coefficients
1.2.2.6.1. The small little number which only multiplies the number it is attached to.
1.2.2.7. Antoine Lavoisier
1.2.2.7.1. A French scientist who dicovered the law of conservation of mass
1.2.2.8. Law of conservation of mass
1.2.2.8.1. The law which states that matter cannot be destroyed.
1.2.2.9. Atomic Mass
1.2.2.9.1. How much mass an atom has.
1.2.3. Lesson 3
1.2.3.1. Chemical Potential Energy
1.2.3.1.1. Is the energy released when atoms form bonds.
1.2.3.2. Endothermic Reaction
1.2.3.2.1. Chemical reactions that require energy.
1.2.3.3. Exothermic Reaction
1.2.3.3.1. Chemical reaction that produce energy.
1.2.3.4. Concentration in reactions
1.2.3.4.1. The more concentrated a reaction is, the more collitions occur, and energy transfers.
1.2.3.5. Law of conservation of energy
1.2.3.5.1. The law that states energy is never destroyed, only recycled.
1.2.3.6. Chemical Energy
2. Unit 2
2.1. Module 1
2.1.1. Lesson 1
2.1.1.1. Pangea
2.1.1.1.1. A super contenent that exisited between 299 million years ago and 180 million years ago.
2.1.1.2. Continental Drift
2.1.1.2.1. The continents drifting.
2.1.1.3. Rock formation evidence
2.1.1.3.1. Rapid global formation of sedimentary rock beds.
2.1.1.4. Glacial features evidence
2.1.1.4.1. Ancient glaciers left behind three kinds of signatures: striations, tillites, and dropstones. These signatures are found on six continents.
2.1.1.5. Coal Deposit evidence
2.1.1.5.1. There have been glacial deposits found in the tropics and coal founded in Antarctica. Coal originates from tropical plants, which can only be founded in the tropics.
2.1.1.6. Fossil Evidence
2.1.1.6.1. Scientists have found fossils of similar types of plants and animals in rocks of similar age. These rocks were on the shores of different continents.
2.1.1.7. Alfred Wegener
2.1.1.7.1. A scientist that proposed the idea of contiental drift.
2.1.2. Lesson 2
2.1.2.1. Ocean Floor topography
2.1.2.1.1. The measurement of how deep the ocean is.
2.1.2.2. Mid ocean ridges
2.1.2.2.1. A continuous range of underwater volcanoes that wraps around the Earth.
2.1.2.3. Ocean trenches
2.1.2.3.1. Long and narrow lines on the seafloor.
2.1.2.4. Isochron Maps
2.1.2.4.1. A map that uses lines to show the history of the thing it is displaying.
2.1.2.5. Seafloor spreading
2.1.2.5.1. When two tectonic plates in the ocean spilt apart, magama from the mantle comes to the crust, cools down, and makes new sea floor.
2.1.2.6. Magma
2.1.2.6.1. Molten rocks in the Earth.
2.1.2.7. Lava
2.1.2.7.1. Magma that is on the crust of the Earth.
2.1.2.8. Plate Tectonics
2.1.2.8.1. The scientific theory that explains how major landforms are created as a result of Earth's mantle's movements.
2.1.3. Lesson 3
2.1.3.1. Convergent Boundary
2.1.3.1.1. Boundries that crash into each other.
2.1.3.2. Divergent Boundary
2.1.3.2.1. Boundires that pull away form each other.
2.1.3.3. Transform Boundary
2.1.3.3.1. Boundries that slide past each other.
2.1.3.4. Subduction
2.1.3.4.1. When a plate is sinking into the mantle.
2.1.3.5. Fault
2.1.3.5.1. Block of crust fall and others rise.
2.1.3.6. Fault Block Mountains
2.1.3.6.1. The rising and the falling of the crust create these mountains.
2.1.3.7. Volcano
2.1.3.7.1. A mountain that contains magma; can erupt and spew lava and ashes.
2.1.3.8. Volcanic Arc
2.1.3.8.1. A belt of volcanoes formed above a subducting ocean plate.
2.1.3.9. Earthquake
2.1.3.9.1. A rumbling of the ground.
2.1.3.10. Fault Zone
2.1.3.10.1. A cluster of parallel faults.
2.1.3.11. Landslide
2.1.3.11.1. The sliding of rocks/land.
2.1.3.12. Tsunami
2.1.3.12.1. A giant wave; caused by earthquakes, volcanos, asteroids, or landslides
2.1.3.13. Impact Crater
2.1.3.13.1. A hole made by a metor.
2.1.4. Lesson 4
2.1.4.1. Physical Weathering
2.1.4.1.1. When physical things affect rocks, like changes in temperature or rocks are exposed to the effects of wind or waves.
2.1.4.2. Frost Wedging
2.1.4.2.1. When water freezes in cracks or crevices making the cracks bigger.
2.1.4.3. Plant Action
2.1.4.3.1. When plants take root in the cracks of rocks, making the hole bigger by growing.
2.1.4.4. Abrasion
2.1.4.4.1. Scraping or wearing something away.
2.1.4.5. Wind Abrasion
2.1.4.5.1. Abrasion with wind
2.1.4.6. Water Abrasion
2.1.4.6.1. Abrasion with water
2.1.4.7. Glacial Abrasion
2.1.4.7.1. Abrasion with glaciers
2.1.4.8. Chemical Weathering
2.1.4.8.1. Weathering that changes the chemical composition of a rock.
2.1.4.9. Oxidation
2.1.4.9.1. When something chemically changes becuse of the addition of oxygen.
2.1.4.10. Hydrolysis
2.1.4.10.1. When something chemically reacts with water.
2.1.4.11. Carbonation
2.1.4.11.1. When mixing of water with carbon dioxide makes carbonic acid and weathers rocks.
2.1.4.12. Erosion
2.1.4.12.1. When weathered matterials are moved.
2.1.4.13. Deposition
2.1.4.13.1. When eroded materials settle permanently or temporary
2.1.4.14. Small Scale Erosion
2.1.4.14.1. Short erosion (short as in time).
2.1.4.15. Surface runoff
2.1.4.15.1. Unconfined flow of water over the ground surface.
2.1.4.16. Coastal Erosion
2.1.4.16.1. When coasts/beaches erode.
2.1.4.17. Large Scale Erosion
2.1.4.17.1. Long erosion (long as in time).
2.1.4.18. Mass Wasting
2.1.4.18.1. The movement of rock and soil down slopes because of gravity.
2.1.4.19. Glacial Movement
2.1.4.19.1. When glaciers move.
2.1.5. Lesson 5
2.1.5.1. Rock
2.1.5.1.1. A solid mineral material.
2.1.5.2. Mineral
2.1.5.2.1. A solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence.
2.1.5.3. Crystallization
2.1.5.3.1. The formation of crystals.
2.1.5.4. Igneous extrusive rock
2.1.5.4.1. Igneous rock that forms on the surface via lava so the crystals are small.
2.1.5.5. Igneous intrusive rock
2.1.5.5.1. Igneous rock that forms in the earth via magma so the crystals are big.
2.1.5.6. Sedimentary rock
2.1.5.6.1. Rocks made of sediment.
2.1.5.7. Lithification
2.1.5.7.1. The process of sediment turning into rocks.
2.1.5.8. Compaction
2.1.5.8.1. When the weight of the rocks on top press on the sediment and squezze the water out.
2.1.5.9. Cementation
2.1.5.9.1. When minerals crystalizes inbetween the cracks of the sediment and hold the sediment together.
2.1.5.10. Metamorphic rock
2.1.5.10.1. These form when pressure and heat combine.
2.2. Module 2
2.2.1. Lesson 1
2.2.1.1. Earthquakes and plate boundaries
2.2.1.1.1. Earthquakes are caused by the realase of pressure from tectonic plates.
2.2.1.2. Richter Magnitude scale
2.2.1.2.1. The scale used to rate the magnitude of an earthquake.
2.2.1.3. Earthquake magnitude scale
2.2.1.3.1. Magnitude expressed in whole numbers and decimal fractions.
2.2.1.4. Moment magnitude scale
2.2.1.4.1. Moment is a product of the distance a fault moved and the force required to move it.
2.2.1.5. Modified Mercalli intensity scale
2.2.1.5.1. The scale estimates the shaking intensity from an earthquake at a specific location by considering its effects on people, objects, and buildings.
2.2.1.6. Pancaking
2.2.1.6.1. When the bottom layer of a bulid can no longer support the full wait of the buliding and collopases.
2.2.1.7. Liquefaction
2.2.1.7.1. When top soil acts more like a liquid.
2.2.1.8. Landslide
2.2.1.8.1. When the top layer of soil from a hill or something suddenly slides down.
2.2.1.9. Tsunami
2.2.1.9.1. A large wave that is caused by earthquakes, landslides, and eruptions.
2.2.2. Lesson 2
2.2.2.1. Volcano Belts
2.2.2.1.1. A large, volcanically active region.
2.2.2.2. Hot Spots
2.2.2.2.1. A pocket of magma away from plate boundries.
2.2.2.3. Mudflows
2.2.2.3.1. Also called lahars, this event mixes snow, ice, mud, and ash to make mudflows.
2.2.2.4. Lava flows
2.2.2.4.1. Lava that flows.
2.2.2.5. Volcanic Ash
2.2.2.5.1. Can cover the land in ash and choke the land.
2.2.2.6. Volcanic Gases
2.2.2.6.1. Are made up of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. Can choke out people and living things.
2.2.2.7. Pyroclastic Flows
2.2.2.7.1. Fast flowing gas, ash, and rock that can choke people out.
2.2.2.8. Predicting volcanoes - Gas
2.2.2.8.1. If a volcano is spewing out gas, it is probably active.
2.2.2.9. Predicting volcanoes - Deformation
2.2.2.9.1. If a volcano is bulging, it is probably active.
2.2.2.10. Predicting volcanoes - Ground Vibration
2.2.2.10.1. If a volcano is producing tremors, it is probably active.
2.2.2.11. Predicting volcanoes - Remote Sensing
2.2.2.11.1. If a volcano is shown to be getting hotter via satilite, it is probably active.
2.2.2.12. Predicting volcanoes - Lava Collection
2.2.2.12.1. If a volcano is producing lava, it is probably active.
2.2.3. Lesson 3
2.2.3.1. Hurricane
2.2.3.1.1. A violent storm that usually forms on the coast of Africa.
2.2.3.2. Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale
2.2.3.2.1. A 1 to 5 rating based on a hurricane's sustained wind speed.
2.2.3.3. Tornado
2.2.3.3.1. A violent vortex that forms over flat land when hot air and cold air meet.
2.2.3.4. Enhanced Fujita Damage Intensity scale
2.2.3.4.1. A scale that incorporates 28 damage indicators, such as building type, structures, and trees.
2.2.3.5. Flood
2.2.3.5.1. A excess of water that overflows form boies of water.
2.2.3.6. Drought
2.2.3.6.1. A severe lack of water.
2.2.3.7. Drought hazard - soil erosion
2.2.3.7.1. Plants die and create a top layer of soil that can be blown by wind.
2.2.3.8. Drought hazard - wildfires
2.2.3.8.1. Fires that happen in the wild.
2.2.3.9. Drought hazard - decrease in water supply
2.2.3.9.1. Water evaporates and decreaces the water level in bodies of water.
2.2.3.10. Drought hazard - agricultural impact
2.2.3.10.1. Plants dry out and die.
2.2.3.11. Meteorologists
2.2.3.11.1. Experts in weather that predict weather
3. Unit 3
3.1. Module 1
3.1.1. Lesson 1
3.1.1.1. Natural resource
3.1.1.1.1. A resoure that life needs to survive.
3.1.1.2. Ores
3.1.1.2.1. Naturally occuring metal or minerals.
3.1.1.3. Renewable Resources
3.1.1.3.1. Seemingly unlimited resources.
3.1.1.4. Nonrenewable resources
3.1.1.4.1. Resources that will run out eventally.
3.1.2. Lesson 2
3.1.2.1. Hydrothermal deposits
3.1.2.1.1. Accumulations of minerals found near hydrothermal vents.
3.1.2.2. Subduction Zones
3.1.2.2.1. Areas where one plate sinks under the another.
3.1.2.3. Distribution of minerals
3.1.2.3.1. Where minerals are located on earth.
3.1.2.4. Soil
3.1.2.4.1. Broken down rocks.
3.1.2.5. 5 Factors of soil formation
3.1.2.5.1. Parent material, topography, time, living beings, and climate.
3.1.2.6. Formation of Coal
3.1.2.6.1. When dead plants get crushed by the pressure of the earth.
3.1.2.7. Formation of Oil and Natural Gas
3.1.2.7.1. When dead animals get crushed by the pressure of the earth. If it gets crushed hard enough, it turns into a gas.
3.1.2.8. Porosity
3.1.2.8.1. The amount of void in a material.
3.1.2.9. Permeability
3.1.2.9.1. How well an object allows liquid and gas to pass through.
3.1.2.10. Groundwater
3.1.2.10.1. Water that has collected underground.
3.1.2.11. Groundwater distribution
3.1.2.11.1. Where ground water is located.
3.1.3. Lesson 3
3.1.3.1. Mining
3.1.3.1.1. When you extract valuables from the ground.
3.1.3.2. Dwindling Deposits
3.1.3.2.1. When deposits are decreasing.
3.1.3.3. Mineral Supplies
3.1.3.3.1. The amount of minerals and ores.
3.1.3.4. Fossil fuel extraction
3.1.3.4.1. Extracting fossil fuels via methods like fracking.
3.1.3.5. Groundwater overdraft
3.1.3.5.1. When you remove groundwater faster than it can be replaced.
3.2. Module 2
3.2.1. Lesson 1
3.2.1.1. Material
3.2.1.1.1. Matter that can be used
3.2.1.2. Natural Material
3.2.1.2.1. Material found in nature like plants and water.
3.2.1.3. Synthetic Material
3.2.1.3.1. Natural material that has been altered chemically.
3.2.1.4. Reactants to Products
3.2.1.4.1. The substance(s) to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation are called reactants. Reactants combine into products
3.2.2. Lesson 2
3.2.2.1. Natural Resource Availability
3.2.2.1.1. How much natural resource is abvalible.
3.2.2.2. Synthetic Material Production
3.2.2.2.1. The production of synthetic matrials.
3.2.2.3. Individual and Societal impacts
3.2.2.3.1. How something affects an individual or a mass.
3.2.2.4. By-products
3.2.2.4.1. A secondary product made when trying to produce something else.
4. Unit 4
4.1. Module 1
4.1.1. Lesson 1
4.1.1.1. Photosynthesis
4.1.1.1.1. The chemical reaction plants do to produce energy, using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. 6CO₂ + 6H₂O -> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
4.1.1.2. Epidermal leaf cells
4.1.1.2.1. The surface cells of a leaf that are flat and irregularlly shaped.
4.1.1.3. Cuticle
4.1.1.3.1. Epidermal cells can produce a waxy covering called the cuticle.
4.1.1.4. Stomata
4.1.1.4.1. On the bottom epidernmal layer, there are stomatas, which are holes to let carbon dioxide, water vapor, and oxygen pass.
4.1.1.5. Mesophyll Cells
4.1.1.5.1. One of the places where photosyntesis can occur becuase they have choroplasts. They are found near the surface.
4.1.1.6. Chloroplasts
4.1.1.6.1. Where photosynthsis occurs.
4.1.1.7. Chlorophyll A and B
4.1.1.7.1. A green pigment that allows photosyntesis to occur.
4.1.1.8. Light Cycle
4.1.1.8.1. Plants photosythesisize and store energy.
4.1.1.9. Night Cycle
4.1.1.9.1. Plants use the stored up energy from the light cycle.
4.1.1.10. Different sugars
4.1.1.10.1. Glucose
4.1.1.11. Cellular Respiration
4.1.1.11.1. The proccess to turn sugars into ATP.
4.1.1.12. Glycolysis
4.1.1.12.1. The proccess where glucose is turned into smaller molucules and a little bit of ATP.
4.1.1.13. Mitochondria
4.1.1.13.1. The powerhouse of the cell. The Mitochondria produces most of the ATP, using small molucules and oxygen to turn into water and carbon dioxide.
4.1.1.14. Lactic Acid Fermentation
4.1.1.14.1. Happens when you need energy but you don't have much O2.
4.1.1.15. Ethanol Alcohol Fermentation
4.1.1.15.1. Converts one mole of glucose into two molacules of ethanol and two molacules of carbon dioxide.
4.1.2. Lesson 2
4.1.2.1. Producers
4.1.2.1.1. Uses the enviroment to make energy; the bottom of the food web.
4.1.2.2. Consumers
4.1.2.2.1. Eats producers and other consumers.
4.1.2.3. Primary Consumer
4.1.2.3.1. Only eats producers.
4.1.2.4. Secondary Consumer
4.1.2.4.1. Only eats primary consumers.
4.1.2.5. Tertiary Consumer
4.1.2.5.1. Only eats secondary consumers.
4.1.2.6. Detritivores
4.1.2.6.1. Eats dead producers and consumers.
4.1.2.7. Food Chain
4.1.2.7.1. A simple represntation where one animal is eaten by another.
4.1.2.8. Food Web
4.1.2.8.1. Multiple food chains.
4.1.2.9. Energy Pyramid / 10 % rule
4.1.2.9.1. Each level you go up in the pyramid, only 10% is transferred.
4.1.3. Lesson 3
4.1.3.1. Carbon Cycle
4.1.3.1.1. - Cellular Respiration
4.1.3.1.2. - Photosynthesis
4.1.3.1.3. - Sedimentation
4.1.3.1.4. - Decomposition
4.1.3.1.5. - Fossil Fuels
4.1.3.1.6. - Combustion
4.1.3.2. Water Cycle
4.1.3.2.1. - Evaporation / Transpiration
4.1.3.2.2. - Condensation
4.1.3.2.3. - Precipitation
4.1.3.2.4. - Run Off
4.1.3.2.5. - Seepage
4.1.3.3. Oxygen Cycle
4.1.3.3.1. - Cellular Respiration
4.1.3.3.2. - Photosynthesis
4.1.3.4. Nitrogen Cycle
4.1.3.4.1. - Precipitation
4.1.3.4.2. - Nitrogen Fixation
4.1.3.4.3. - Ammonification
4.1.3.4.4. - Nitrification
4.1.3.4.5. - Assimilation
4.1.3.4.6. - Denitrification
4.2. Module 2 Lesson 1
4.2.1. Biosphere
4.2.1.1. Every living thing on earth.
4.2.2. Biome
4.2.2.1. Every ecosystem in an area.
4.2.3. Ecosystems
4.2.3.1. All biotic and abiotic things in an area.
4.2.4. Communities
4.2.4.1. All living thing in an ecosystem.
4.2.5. Populations
4.2.5.1. All of a certain species in a community.
4.2.6. Organism
4.2.6.1. An idividual in a population.
4.2.7. Abiotic
4.2.7.1. Not alive.
4.2.8. Biotic
4.2.8.1. Alive.
4.2.9. Limiting Factor
4.2.9.1. Factors that limit the population of a species.
4.2.10. Biotic Potential
4.2.10.1. How big a species would get if ther e were no limiting factors.
4.2.11. Carrying Capacity
4.2.11.1. How many species an area can carry.
4.2.12. Overpopulation
4.2.12.1. When a species excceds its carrying capacity.
4.2.13. Extinction
4.2.13.1. When all of a species is dead.
4.2.14. Endangered Species
4.2.14.1. A species that is close to extinction.
4.2.15. Threatened species
4.2.15.1. A species that is less close to extinction than endangered species.
4.3. Module 2 Lesson 2
4.3.1. Symbiosis
4.3.1.1. Two things that live close often.
4.3.2. Commensalism
4.3.2.1. When one animal benifits while the other isn't harmed.
4.3.3. Parasitism
4.3.3.1. When one animal benifits while harming the other.
4.3.4. Mutualism
4.3.4.1. When both species benifit.
4.3.5. Cooperative Relationships
4.3.5.1. When members in a species help each other.
4.3.6. Competitive Relationship
4.3.6.1. Members of a species competing with each other.
4.3.7. Predator-prey relationship
4.3.7.1. When one animal eats another.
4.4. Module 2 Lesson 3
4.4.1. Ecological succession
4.4.1.1. When an ecological community changes into another slowly.
4.4.2. Climax Community
4.4.2.1. When an ecological community doesn't drastically change anymore.
4.4.3. Primary succession
4.4.3.1. Ecological succession in lands with little to no soil.
4.4.4. Secondary succession
4.4.4.1. Ecological succession where existing ecosystems have been damaged or destroyed.
4.4.5. Eutrophication
4.4.5.1. When a body of water becomes nutrient rich.
4.4.6. Dynamic Equilibrium
4.4.6.1. Describes the balance between different parts of the ecosystem.
4.4.7. Resource Extraction
4.4.7.1. Any activity that takes resources from nature.
4.4.8. Pollution
4.4.8.1. When cantaminants are brought into an envrioment.
4.4.9. Nonnative species
4.4.9.1. When a species lives outside of its natural range.
4.5. Module 3
4.5.1. Lesson 1
4.5.2. Lesson 2