1. Important People
1.1. Robert Hooke(1665):honeycomb like structure,called the cells(a little room)
1.2. Leeuwenhoek(1678):with an improved microscope discoved cells in water
1.3. Robert brown(1839):coined the tearm"protoplasm"
1.4. Scheiden and schwann(1839):discoved cell theory
1.5. Visrchow(1855):discoverd that cells arise from pre-existing cells
1.6. Camillo Golgi: First discovered Goligo Appartus
2. Prokaryotic cell
2.1. Nuclear Envelope and membrane-bond organelles are absent. eg:bacteria,cyanobacteria
2.2. the chlorophyll in photosynthetic prokaryotic bacteira is associated with mebranous vesciles and not plastids as in eukaryotic.
3. Eukaryotic cell
3.1. Nucleus is well defined with nuclear envelope and contains DNA in it eg:plant and animal cell
3.1.1. structural Organisation
3.1.1.1. Nucleus
3.1.1.1.1. has a double layered covering called nuclear memebrane
3.1.1.1.2. contains chromosones,rod shaped strusture when cell is abt to divide
3.1.1.1.3. important role in cellular reproduction
3.1.1.1.4. determing the way the cell will develop and what from it will exibit at maturity,by directing chemical activities of the cell
3.1.1.2. Cell wall
3.1.1.2.1. Plants
3.1.1.2.2. Rigid outer covering
3.1.1.2.3. outside of plasma
3.1.1.2.4. composed of cellulose(complex substance and provides structual supposrt)
3.1.1.2.5. Plasmolysis: Shrinkage or contraction of the contents of the cell away from its cell wall
3.1.1.2.6. Permits the cells of plants,fungi and bacteria to withstand very dilute external media without busting
3.1.1.3. Plasma membrane
3.1.1.3.1. outermost covering
3.1.1.3.2. Animals and plants
3.1.1.3.3. contains organic molecules:lipids,proteins
3.1.1.3.4. seprates cell from external environment
3.1.1.3.5. Endocytosis: The flexibility of cell allows it to engulf in food and other materials
3.1.1.3.6. allows entry and exit(permeable memebrane)
3.1.1.3.7. movement is by diffusion(high concentration to low concentration) eg:exchange of gasses and water in the life of cell
3.1.1.3.8. movement of water molecules throught such a selectively permeable memebrane is osmosis(high concentration to low concentration) eg:absorption of water by plant roots
3.1.1.4. Cytoplasm
3.1.1.4.1. Fliud content inside plasma memebrane
3.1.1.4.2. contains many specialised cell organelles
3.1.1.4.3. cell organeels are enclosed by membranes
3.1.1.5. Cell organelles
3.1.1.5.1. memebrane like structure
3.1.1.5.2. only visible with electron microscope
3.1.1.5.3. to seprate cells from each other
3.1.1.5.4. Endoplasmic reticulum
3.1.1.5.5. Golgi apparatus
3.1.1.5.6. Lysosomes
3.1.1.5.7. Mitochondria
3.1.1.5.8. Plastids
3.1.1.5.9. Vacuoles
3.1.1.6. Cell divison
3.1.1.6.1. new cells are being made
3.1.1.6.2. Two types