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Modals Verbs 作者: Mind Map: Modals Verbs

1. Present and Future

1.1. Advice

1.1.1. Must, Have to

1.1.1.1. strong

1.2. Obligation

1.2.1. Mustn't

1.2.1.1. FORBIDDEN

1.2.2. Be supposed to

1.2.2.1. rules

1.2.2.2. things that people BELIEVE or EXPECT TO HAPPEN/BE TRUE

1.3. Necessity

1.3.1. Don't HAVE to

1.3.2. Don't NEED to

1.3.2.1. lack of (falta de) obligation/necessity

1.3.3. Needn't

1.4. Possibility

1.4.1. speculation about possible future events

1.4.1.1. Might

1.4.1.2. May

1.4.1.3. Could

1.4.2. in the future

1.4.2.1. Be able to

1.4.3. - General truths

1.4.3.1. Can/Could

1.4.4. - STRONG possibilities

1.4.5. we can deduce that sth is IMPOSSIBLE

1.4.5.1. CAN'T

1.5. Probability

1.5.1. Should

1.5.1.1. sth is likely to happen, in OUR opinion

1.6. Certainty

1.6.1. Must

1.6.1.1. thing which we can deduce are DEFINITELY TRUE

2. Past

2.1. May have

2.2. Might have

2.2.1. Speculation -past

2.2.1.1. Negative form: only with May and Might have

2.3. Could have

2.3.1. To tell sb what THEY should have done -usually an exclamation-

2.4. Should have/Ought have

2.4.1. Right / Wrong behave, in the past

2.5. Was supposed to

2.5.1. things we EXPECT TO HAVE HAPPENED

2.6. Can't/Couldn't have

2.7. Must have

2.7.1. Logical deductions -about the past-

2.8. Needn't have

2.8.1. an ACTION that TOOK place was UNNECESSARY

2.9. Didn't need to

2.9.1. action was unnecessary, wheter it TOOK PLACE or NOT