1. 27 B.C. CREATION OF THE PHONETIC ALPHABET
1.1. The origin is unknown, but it could be a direct variation to hieroglyphics or cuneiform
1.2. One sign represents one spoken sound and the letters started with consonants
1.3. The phonetic alphabet gave the greeks ideas for their alphabet
1.3.1. Greek alphabet is the most renowned because it gave rise to other alphabets
1.4. it was successful because it was easy to learn
1.4.1. became the first widespread script that even common people knew
2. THE CODEX AND THE ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS
2.1. A codex is a covered and bound collection of handwritten pages
2.1.1. better than a scroll because it could be randomly accessed
2.1.2. codex form was used to write the first book, The Bible
2.2. An illuminated manuscript is written text with drawn borders around it
2.2.1. used mostly for churches and Bible verses
3. THE GUTENBERG PRESS
3.1. created by Johannes Gutenberg and it introduced modern book printing
3.1.1. the first book to be printed using the press was the Bible
3.2. it is a hand press in which ink was rolled onto a raised surface of movable handset letters within a wooden frame
3.2.1. this concept is called movable type but Gutenberg revolutionized it so that the letters were cast iron and not wooden
3.3. Impact on Communication 1. made script easier to read 2. books were made faster 3. current information could be shared locally and worldwide 4. cost of books decreased 5. demand grew and the population became literate 6. bok trade began to flourish 7. economies became stronger 8. art and science became big and started the renaissance
4. THE LINOTYPE MACHINE
4.1. the creation of the typewriter by Christopher Sholes helped in the process of making the Linotype Machine
4.1.1. James clephane tested the typewriter and made corrections to it inventing the Linotype Machine
4.2. the machine allowed operators to cast type from a metal matrix versus a papier-mache
4.3. The name linotype comes from the fact that it can produce a whole line of metal type at once
4.4. It had 90 characters black keys for lowercase letters white keys for uppercase letters and blue keys for punctuation and small uppercase letters
5. PHOTOGRAPHY
5.1. Sir John Hershel coined the phrase. it came from the greek words for light and writing
5.2. the first successful photograph was by Joseph Niepce
5.3. William Fox Talbot created the first successful developing process with photo negatives to make a unlimited amount of duplicates
5.3.1. Eastman refined the process by making a flexible roll that could make many duplicates at once. it was called film. He also made the Eastman Kodak company
5.3.1.1. marketed The Brownie to the general public and said "You press the button we do the rest" to make it appealing
6. CEUNIFORM
6.1. the first form of writing used by the Sumerians. means "wedge" in Latin
6.1.1. a way to keep track of business transactions made permanent by writing it on clay tablets
7. CAVE PAINTINGS
7.1. detailed and colorful representations found on the inside of cave walls
7.2. Lascaux, France
7.2.1. Discovered in 1940
7.3. Oldest Known Cave Painting Site
7.3.1. Chauvet Pont d’Arc
7.3.1.1. Discovered in 1994
7.4. 3 reasons why they were created?
7.4.1. story telling
7.4.2. religious/superstition
7.4.3. instructions
8. HEIROGLYPHICS
8.1. has logographic and alphabetic elements to make symbols representing ideas or words
8.2. made from the greek words HYRO=sacred GLYPHIC= writing
8.3. used to write rituals that pleased the gods
8.3.1. only scribes could read and write Heiroplyphics
8.4. The Rosetta Stone has Greek, Hieroglyphics and Demotic inscribed on it
9. COMPUTERS
9.1. Konrad Zuse created the first freely programed computer
9.2. The first commercial computer was the Univac= Universal Automatic Computer
9.3. Douglas Engelbart invented the first computer mouse
9.4. the first memory disk was called the "floppy disk " and the first single chip microprocessor both introduced by Intel
9.5. Apple introduced the Lisa in 1983
9.5.1. And in 1984 they introduced the Macintosh
9.5.1.1. In response to Apple's success, Bill Gates and Microsoft introduced the Windows operating system