1. AFFIRMATIVE SENTECES:
1.1. Subject (I-You-We-They) + Verb (base form) + Complement
1.1.1. I start work at 7:00 a.m.
1.2. Subject (He-She-It) + Verb (with -s) + Complement
1.2.1. He starts work at 10:00 a.m.
2. It is used to talk about things we always do and things that happen often. Adverbs of frequency are used -such as -always -often -usually -sometimes and never among other expressions of frequency.
3. Present Simple (To be verbs)
3.1. Used to describe how something or someone is at a specific time, characteristics and general facts. Using the verb "to be" in its forms "am", "is", "are".
3.1.1. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES:
3.1.1.1. Subject (I) + am + Complement
3.1.1.1.1. I am a teacher.
3.1.1.2. Subject (He-She-It) + is + Complement
3.1.1.2.1. She is a student.
3.1.1.3. Subject(You-We-They) + are + Complement
3.1.1.3.1. They are friends.
3.1.2. NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
3.1.2.1. Subject (I) + am not + Complement
3.1.2.1.1. I am not a student.
3.1.2.2. Subject (He-She-It) + is not (isn't) + Complement
3.1.2.2.1. He is not (isn't) a teacher.
3.1.2.3. Subject (You-We-They) + are not (aren't) + Complement
3.1.2.3.1. We are not (aren't) late.
3.1.3. YES/NO QUESTIONS:
3.1.3.1. Am + Subject (I) + Complement?
3.1.3.1.1. Am I late? Yes, you are. / No, you aren't.
3.1.3.2. Is + Subject (He-She-It) + Complement?
3.1.3.2.1. Is she a teacher? Yes, she is." / "No, she isn't.
3.1.3.3. Are + Subject (You-We-They) + Complement?
3.1.3.3.1. Are they friends? Yes, they are./ No, they aren't.
3.1.4. INFORMATION QUESTIONS:
3.1.4.1. Question word + am + Subject (I) + Complement?
3.1.4.1.1. Where am I? You are in the classroom.
3.1.4.2. Question word + is + Subject (He-She-It) + Complement?
3.1.4.2.1. Who is she? She is my sister.
3.1.4.3. Question word + are + Subject (You-We-They) + Complement?
3.1.4.3.1. Why are they here? They are here for the meeting.
4. NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
4.1. Subject (I-You-We-They) + Auxiliary (do not / don't) + Verb (base form) + Complement
4.1.1. I don't start work at 9:00 a.m.
4.2. Subject (He-She-It) + Auxiliary (does not / doesn't) + Verb (base form) + Complement
4.2.1. He doesn't start work at 9:00 a.m.
5. Past Simple (Do verbs)
5.1. Used to talk about actions that were completed at a specific time in the past.
5.1.1. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES:
5.1.1.1. Subject (I-You-We-They) + Past verb + Complement
5.1.1.1.1. I visited my grandparents last weekend.
5.1.1.2. Subject (He-She-It) + Past verb + Complement
5.1.1.2.1. She watched a movie yesterday.
5.1.2. NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
5.1.2.1. Subject (I-You-We-They) + Auxiliary (did not / didn't) + Verb (base form) + Complement
5.1.2.1.1. I didn't visit my grandparents last weekend.
5.1.2.2. Subject (He-She-It) + Auxiliary (did not / didn't) + Verb (base form) + Complement
5.1.2.2.1. She didn't watch a movie yesterday.
5.1.3. YES/NO QUESTIONS:
5.1.3.1. Auxiliary (Did) + Subject (I-You-We-They) + Verb (base form) + Complement?
5.1.3.1.1. Did you visit your grandparents last weekend? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
5.1.3.2. Auxiliary (Did) + Subject (He-She-It) + Verb (base form) + Complement?
5.1.3.2.1. Did she watch a movie yesterday? Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
5.1.4. INFORMACTION QUESTIONS:
5.1.4.1. Question word + Auxiliary (Did) + Subject (I-You-We-They) + Verb (base form) + Complement?
5.1.4.1.1. What did you do last weekend? I visited my grandparents.
5.1.4.2. Question word + Auxiliary (Did) + Subject (He-She-It) + Verb (base form) + Complement?
5.1.4.2.1. What did she watch yesterday? She watched a movie.
6. YES/NO QUESTIONS:
6.1. Auxiliary (Do) + Subject (I-You-We-They) + Verb (base form) + Complement
6.1.1. Do you start work at 8:00 a.m.? Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
6.2. Auxiliary (Does) + Subject (He-She-It) + Verb (base form) + Complement
6.2.1. Does he start work at 9:00 a.m.? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
7. INFORMATION QUESTIONS:
7.1. Question word + Auxiliary (Do) + Subject (I-You-We-They) + Verb (base form) + Complement
7.1.1. What time do you start work? I start work at 8:00 a.m."
7.2. Question word + Auxiliary (Does) + Subject (He-She-It) + Verb (base form) + Complement
7.2.1. Where does he start work? He starts work at the office.
8. Past Simple (To be)
8.1. It is used to talk about how things were, their characteristics and facts that were true in the past.
8.1.1. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES:
8.1.1.1. Subject (I-He-She-It) + was + Complement
8.1.1.1.1. I was at home yesterday.
8.1.1.1.2. She was a teacher last year.
8.1.1.2. Subject (You-We-They) + were + Complement
8.1.1.2.1. You were late to the meeting.
8.1.1.2.2. They were at the park.
8.1.2. NEGATIVE SENTENCES
8.1.2.1. Subject (I-He-She-It) + was not (wasn't) + Complement
8.1.2.1.1. I was not (wasn't) at home yesterday.
8.1.2.1.2. He was not (wasn't) a teacher last year.
8.1.2.2. Subject (You-We-They) + were not (weren't) + Complement
8.1.2.2.1. You were not (weren't) late to the meeting.
8.1.2.2.2. We were not (weren't) at the park.
8.1.3. YES/NO QUESTIONS:
8.1.3.1. Was + Subject (I-He-She-It) + Complement?
8.1.3.1.1. Was I at home yesterday? Yes, you were. / No, you weren't.
8.1.3.2. Were + Subject (You-We-They) + Complement?
8.1.3.2.1. Were they at the park? Yes, they were./ No, they weren't.
8.1.4. INFORMATION QUESTIONS:
8.1.4.1. Question word + was + Subject (I-He-She-It) + Complement?
8.1.4.1.1. Where was she yesterday? She was at home.
8.1.4.2. Question word + were + Subject (You-We-They) + Complement?
8.1.4.2.1. Why were they late? They were stuck in traffic.
9. Present Progressive (Present Continuous)
9.1. It is used to talk about actions that are happening right now or during a recent time.l. We often use the auxiliary verbs "am", "is", "are" and the gerund (verb + -ing).
9.1.1. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES:
9.1.1.1. Structure:* Subject (I) + am + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
9.1.1.1.1. I am studying."
9.1.1.2. Structure:* Subject (He-She-It) + is + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
9.1.1.2.1. She is reading a book."
9.1.1.3. Structure:* Subject (You-We-They) + are + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
9.1.1.3.1. "They are playing soccer."
9.1.2. NEGATIVE SENTENCES:
9.1.2.1. Subject (I) + am not + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
9.1.2.1.1. I am not studying.
9.1.2.2. Subject (He-She-It) + is not (isn't) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
9.1.2.2.1. He is not (isn't) reading a book.
9.1.2.3. Subject (You-We-They) + are not (aren't) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
9.1.2.3.1. We are not (aren't) playing soccer.
9.1.3. YES/NO QUESTIONS:
9.1.3.1. Am + Subject (I) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
9.1.3.1.1. Am I studying? Yes, you are. / No, you aren't.
9.1.3.2. Is + Subject (He-She-It) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
9.1.3.2.1. Is he reading a book? Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
9.1.3.3. Are + Subject (You-We-They) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
9.1.3.3.1. Are they playing soccer? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
9.1.4. INFORMATION QUESTIONS:
9.1.4.1. Question word + am + Subject (I) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
9.1.4.1.1. What am I doing? You are studying.
9.1.4.2. Question word + is + Subject (He-She-It) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
9.1.4.2.1. What is she reading? She is reading a book.
9.1.4.3. Question word + are + Subject (You-We-They) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
9.1.4.3.1. Where are they playing soccer? They are playing soccer in the park.
10. Past Progressive (Past Continuous)
10.1. Used to talk about actions that were happening at a specific time in the past or to describe actions that were in progress when another action interrupted them.
10.1.1. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
10.1.1.1. Subject (I-He-She-It) + was + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
10.1.1.1.1. I was studying at 8 p.m.
10.1.1.1.2. She was reading a book when the phone rang.
10.1.1.2. Subject (You-We-They) + were + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
10.1.1.2.1. You were playing soccer yesterday.
10.1.1.2.2. They were watching TV all evening.
10.1.2. NEGATIVE SENTENCES
10.1.2.1. Structure:* Subject (I-He-She-It) + was not (wasn't) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
10.1.2.1.1. I was not (wasn't) studying at 8 p.m.
10.1.2.1.2. He was not (wasn't) reading a book when the phone rang.
10.1.2.2. Structure:* Subject (You-We-They) + were not (weren't) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement
10.1.2.2.1. You were not (weren't) playing soccer yesterday.
10.1.2.2.2. They were not (weren't) watching TV all evening.
10.1.3. YES/NO QUESTIONS:
10.1.3.1. Was + Subject (I-He-She-It) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
10.1.3.1.1. Was I studying at 8 p.m.? Yes, you were. / No, you weren't.
10.1.3.2. Were + Subject (You-We-They) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
10.1.3.2.1. Were they watching TV all evening? Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.
10.1.4. INFORMATION QUESTION:
10.1.4.1. Question word + was + Subject (I-He-She-It) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
10.1.4.1.1. What was she doing at 8 p.m.? She was reading a book.
10.1.4.2. Question word + were + Subject (You-We-They) + Verb (with -ing) + Complement?
10.1.4.2.1. What were they watching on TV? They were watching a documentary.