Basic Components Of Learning English (Laura Safina)

1. Grammar

1.1. parts of speech

1.1.1. nouns

1.1.1.1. A word that names of people, places, and things

1.1.1.1.1. Example : "Dog", "city", "computer", "she"

1.1.2. Pronouns

1.1.2.1. A word that replaces a noun to avoid repetition.

1.1.2.1.1. example : "she," "he," "she," "it," "they,"

1.1.3. verbs

1.1.3.1. A word that expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being.

1.1.3.1.1. Example : "run," "is," "seem," "think."

1.1.4. adverb

1.1.4.1. A word that describes or modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb, often ending in "-ly."

1.1.4.1.1. example : "quickly," "very," "yesterday," "silently."

1.1.5. adjectives

1.1.5.1. Words that describe or modify nouns/desribing words

1.1.5.1.1. Examplr : happy, blue, tall, interesting

1.1.6. preposition

1.1.6.1. A word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and another word in the sentence.

1.1.6.1.1. example : in, on, at, by, with, between, under.

1.1.7. conjunction

1.1.7.1. A word that connects words, phrases, or clauses.

1.1.7.1.1. Examples: and, but, or, because, although, yet.

1.1.8. interjection

1.1.8.1. A word or phrase that expresses emotion or exlamation, often standing alone.

1.1.8.1.1. Examples: oh, wow, ouch, hey, alas, wow.

1.2. Basic sentences

1.2.1. present

1.2.1.1. The present tense describes actions that are happening now or things that are generally true.

1.2.1.1.1. structure : Structure: Subject + Verb (base form (V1)) Example: She eats breakfast at 7 AM.

1.2.2. past

1.2.2.1. The past tense is used for actions that have already happened.

1.2.2.1.1. Structure: Subject + Verb (past form (V2)) Example: She visited Paris last year.

1.2.3. future

1.2.3.1. The future tense describes actions that will happen.

1.2.3.1.1. Structure: Subject + Will + Verb (base form) Example: I will travel to Japan next year.

2. reading

2.1. start with simple text

2.1.1. Choose texts that are easy to understand, especially when you’re just starting out.

2.1.1.1. Simple short stories, articles, or dialogues

2.2. Focus on Comprehension

2.2.1. When you read, try to understand the main idea and key details of the text. Start by reading a short passage and then answer questions to test your understanding.

2.2.1.1. - Read the text slowly: Don’t rush. Make sure you understand every part. - Identify key words: Highlight important words and phrases to help you follow the text. - Summarize the text: After reading, try to explain what you’ve read in your own words.

2.3. Expand Vocabulary

2.3.1. As you read, you’ll encounter new words. Learning and using these words will help expand your vocabulary.

2.3.1.1. - Underline new words: While reading, highlight or write down words you don’t know. - Use a dictionary: Look up the meaning of new words and try to use them in your own sentences. - Context clues: Try to guess the meaning of new words by the surrounding words or the situation in the text. - Practice: Use new words in your writing and speaking.

3. Speaking

3.1. Practice Speaking Regularly

3.1.1. To get better at speaking, you need to practice regularly. Try to speak English every day, even if it’s just for a few minutes.

3.1.1.1. - Speak every day: Even if it’s just for a few minutes. - Talk to yourself: Describe what you’re doing, your hobby,etc. - Record yourself: Listen and improve.

3.2. Use Simple Sentences

3.2.1. When you start speaking, keep your sentences simple. Focus on basic grammar and clear communication. This will help you build confidence and avoid feeling overwhelmed.

3.2.1.1. Basic Sentence Structure: - Subject + Verb + Object Example: I eat pizza. - Subject + Verb + Adjective Example: She is happy. - Subject + Verb + Place Example: They are at the park.

3.3. role playing

3.3.1. Role-playing is a great way to practice speaking in different situations. It helps you prepare for real-life conversations by simulating scenarios where you might need to speak English.

3.3.1.1. Example 1 : At a restaurant “I would like a pizza, please.” Example 2 : Asking for directions “How do I get to the bus station?”

4. listening

4.1. listen to simple audio

4.1.1. Start with simple and clear audio materials that are appropriate for your level.

4.1.1.1. Start with clear, slow audio (e.g., podcasts, YouTube, language apps).

4.2. practice understanding

4.2.1. The goal of listening is to understand what you hear.

4.2.1.1. Listen for the main idea: What is the conversation about? Focus on details: Who, what, when, where, how? Repeat: Listen multiple times for better understanding.

4.3. repeat and copying

4.3.1. Repeating and copying what you hear can help improve your pronunciation and speaking fluency. It's especially helpful to mimic the speaker's tone, rhythm, and how they pronounce words.

4.3.1.1. - Repeat what you hear immediately after the speaker. Try to match their tone, speed, and pronunciation. - Focus on how words are said, not just the meaning.

5. writing

5.1. plan your ideas

5.1.1. Think about what you want to say and organize your thoughts.

5.2. write a draft

5.2.1. Start writing without worrying too much about mistakes. Just get your ideas on paper.

5.3. Check for Clarity

5.3.1. Read over your draft. Make sure your ideas are clear and easy to understand.

5.4. revise and edit

5.4.1. Fix any errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Improve sentence structure.

5.5. final check

5.5.1. Reread your work one last time to make sure it makes sense and is error-free.