1. Unit 1.3 Laboratory Safety
1.1. Safety Tools
1.1.1. E.g. Eye wash bottle
1.1.1.1. For washing eyes with distilled water when chemicals go into eyes
1.1.2. E.g. Laboratory Coat
1.1.2.1. For protective your clothes and body during experiments
1.1.3. E.g. Fire Extinguisher
1.1.3.1. To put out fires
1.1.4. E.g. Fume Cupboard
1.1.4.1. Capture and remove harmful vapour during experiments
1.2. Hazard Warning Symbols
1.2.1. Flammable
1.2.1.1. Keep away from fire
1.2.2. Corrosive
1.2.2.1. -Wear safety goggles and protective gloves
1.2.2.2. -Store in a well ventilated room
1.2.3. Explosive
1.2.3.1. Keep away from heat and flame
1.2.4. Toxic
1.2.4.1. Avoid breathing in the vapour of the chemical
1.2.5. Harmful
1.2.5.1. Wear safety goggles and protective gloves when handling the chemicals
1.2.6. Irritant
1.2.6.1. Wash hands thoroughly after handling the chemical
1.3. How should we handle common laboratory accidents
1.3.1. Cuts
1.3.1.1. Clean the wound and apply a dressing on it
1.3.2. Heat burns or chemical burns
1.3.2.1. Place effected areas under slow running water
1.3.3. Gas leakage
1.3.3.1. Turn off the gas tap and open all the windows and doors
1.3.4. Glass breakage
1.3.4.1. Clean the broken glass and dispose them in a broken glass container
1.3.5. Fires
1.3.5.1. Stay clam and report to the teacher at once
1.3.5.2. Don’t put the fire by yourself
1.4. Safety Rules
1.4.1. Follow the instructions of teachers
1.4.2. Report all accidents to teacher immediately
1.4.3. Know the fire escape route
1.4.4. Wash hand before doing experiments
1.5. How to handle a fire?
1.5.1. Use a fire extinguisher
1.5.1.1. P
1.5.1.1.1. Pull out the safety pin
1.5.1.2. A
1.5.1.2.1. Aim the lowest part of the fire
1.5.1.3. S
1.5.1.3.1. Squeeze the handle
1.5.1.4. S
1.5.1.4.1. Sweep side to side until the fire’s out
1.5.2. The 3 important elements to form a fire
1.5.2.1. High temperature
1.5.2.2. Oxygen
1.5.2.3. Fuel
1.5.3. Besides using a fire extinguisher, cut one of the elements of the fire triangle
1.5.3.1. E.g. Oxygen
2. Unit 1.4 Laboratory Apparatus
2.1. Common Apparatus
2.1.1. E.g. Beaker
2.1.2. E.g. Reagent bottle
2.1.3. E.g. Measuring cylinder
2.2. Apparatus for Heating
2.2.1. Bunsen burner
2.2.1.1. Heat substance
2.2.2. Wire gauze
2.2.2.1. Support apparatus during heating
2.2.3. Heat-proof mat
2.2.3.1. To prevent the damages of the bench
2.2.4. Tripod
2.2.4.1. To support the wire gauze
2.3. Other Apparatus
2.3.1. Tongs
2.3.2. Test tube rack
2.3.3. Filter funnel
2.3.4. Filter paper
2.3.5. Dropper
2.3.5.1. Transfer small amount of liquid
2.3.6. Glass rod
2.3.7. Stand and clap
2.3.7.1. To fix place of apparatus
2.4. Vertical Section Diagrams
2.4.1. Use a pencil and a ruler
2.4.2. Different symbols
2.4.3. Label each piece of apparatus
3. Science Unit 1.5 Measuring
3.1. Measuring instruments
3.1.1. Length
3.1.1.1. Metre rule
3.1.1.2. Half －metre rule
3.1.1.3. Measuring tapes
3.1.2. Time
3.1.2.1. Stopwatch
3.1.2.2. Clock
3.1.3. Volume
3.1.3.1. Measuring cylinder
3.1.4. Mass
3.1.4.1. Balance
3.1.4.1.1. Electronic balance
3.1.4.1.2. Lever balance
3.1.4.1.3. Spring balance
3.1.5. Temperature
3.1.5.1. Coloured alcohol thermometer
3.1.5.2. Mercury thermometer
3.2. Units
3.2.1. Length
3.2.1.1. Millimetres
3.2.1.2. Centimetres
3.2.1.3. Metre
3.2.1.4. Kilometres
3.2.2. Temperature
3.2.2.1. Degree Celsius
3.2.3. Volume
3.2.3.1. Millilitre
3.2.3.2. Litre
3.2.3.3. Cubic centimetres
3.2.3.4. Cubic meters
3.2.4. Mass
3.2.4.1. Milligram
3.2.4.2. Gram
3.2.4.3. Kilograms
3.2.5. Time
3.2.5.1. Second
3.2.5.2. Minutes
3.2.5.3. Hour
4. Science Unit 1.6 Basic Particle Skills
4.1. Transferring and mixing solutions
4.1.1. 1 transfer
4.1.1.1. Large
4.1.1.1.1. Just pour it directly to the beaker
4.1.1.2. Little
4.1.1.2.1. Use a dropper to drop the solution drop by drop
4.1.2. 2 mix
4.1.2.1. Use glass rod
4.1.2.2. Gently shake the test tube
4.1.2.3. Tap the bottom of test tube
4.1.2.4. Stopper the test tube and shake
4.1.3. Different kinds of Solutions
4.1.3.1. Cloudy solutions
4.1.3.2. Clear solutions
4.1.3.3. Solid forms
4.1.3.4. Bubbles forms
4.2. Heating
4.2.1. The parts of Bunsen burner
4.2.1.1. Chimney
4.2.1.1.1. To direct air and gas to falme
4.2.1.2. Air hole
4.2.1.2.1. To let air in
4.2.1.3. Base
4.2.1.3.1. Hold the chimney upright
4.2.1.4. Rubber tubing
4.2.1.4.1. Connect the Bunsen burner to the gas tap
4.2.1.5. Collar
4.2.1.5.1. To control the size of the air hole
4.2.2. Different flames
4.2.2.1. Luminous flame
4.2.2.1.1. Irregular in shape
4.2.2.1.2. Yellow in colour
4.2.2.1.3. Quiet
4.2.2.1.4. Not much hot
4.2.2.2. Non-luminous flame
4.2.2.2.1. Blue in colour
4.2.2.2.2. Regular in shape
4.2.2.2.3. Loud
4.2.2.2.4. Hotter than the luminous flame
4.2.3. How to use Bunsen burner?
4.2.3.1. Put the burner on the heat proof mat
4.2.3.2. Turn the collar the close the air hole
4.2.3.3. Make the match on fire
4.2.3.4. Open the gas tap
4.2.3.5. Wait for the flame
4.2.4. Heating liquid
4.2.4.1. Use a test tube holder
4.2.4.1.1. To hold a boiling tube