1. NOBILITY
1.1. What was the mission of the nobility?
1.1.1. Provided society with military protection
1.2. Members of the nobility
1.2.1. Dukes
1.2.2. Marquesses
1.2.3. Counts
1.2.4. Barons
1.3. What was the daily routine of a nobleman?
1.3.1. Consisted of inspecting the fiefdom on horseback, receiving their vassals, imparting justice, collecting taxesand food from their serfs, and checking security posts and weapons.
1.4. What did they eat?
1.4.1. They ate meat and they drank beer and wine
1.5. What did they do in their free time?
1.5.1. They also went huntingon horseback, accompanied by serfs and dogs, and use spears to kill wild boar, deer and foxes.They practiced falconry, which involved training a birdof pray (a falcon) to hunt.
1.6. Who were the ladies? Why were they important?
1.6.1. They were the responsible for perpetuating the lineage and teachng the children.
1.6.2. Because when the lord was absent or died, the lady often took over responsability for the castleand lands.
1.7. What were the steps to be knighted?
1.7.1. First, they served as pages.Then, they began the military training as squires. At 18 years of age, they were knighted in a formal ceremony.
1.8. Where did you use to build the castle?
1.8.1. The castle was the center of the fiefdom and provide refuge for its inhabitants during attacts.
1.8.2. It was usually located on high grounds so that it could be defended more easily
1.9. Write the parts of the castle
1.9.1. The parts of the castle where the arrow slit, the towers, the walls, the well, the stables, the chapel ,the kitchen, the storeroom, the bedroom, the keep,the great hall, the patrol path,the forge, the guard post, thedrawbridge, the portcullis, the battlements, the moat, the parade ground and the oven.
2. PEASANTS
2.1. What was the mission of the peasant?
2.1.1. They worked to sunrise to sunset and most were very poor.
2.2. What jobs did men do?
2.2.1. The men carry out the most difficult works : Ploughing, reaping , pruning and cutting down trees.
2.3. What jobs did women do?
2.3.1. The woman helped with the harvest, took care of the vegetable garden and look after the poultry.
2.4. What was crop rotation? Why did they leave a part of the land fallow?
2.4.1. It's a system to avoid depleting the soil. First, the two-field system and later the three-field system. This mean that part of the land was unplanted
2.5. What type of agriculture did the peasants practice?
2.5.1. Subsistence agriculture, it's means that they produced only enough food from themselves
2.6. What did they grow?
2.6.1. Cereals, legumes, vines and olive trees, vegetables and fruit trees, cheese and eggs.
2.7. Name the activities they carried out each month
2.7.1. January: clearing the field
2.7.2. February: spreading manure
2.7.3. March: pruning vines
2.7.4. April: sheep shearing
2.7.5. May: the lord goes hunting
2.7.6. June:reaping day
2.7.7. July: harvesting the wheat
2.7.8. August: threshing the wheat
2.7.9. September: treading grapes
2.7.10. October: sowing seeds
2.7.11. November: collecting acorns
2.7.12. December: slaughtering pigs
2.8. Describe what a peasant's house was like
2.8.1. They’re house has a bedroom with beds that were straw-filled mattresses, a stable with animals (cows and donkeys), and a fireplace to cook. They’re house is made with long sticks made up of timber and clay that were tied together with ropes.
3. CLERGY
3.1. What was the mission of the clergy?
3.1.1. Guide people's behaviour and community life.
3.2. What work did the Church do?
3.2.1. Organise ceremonies (baptisms, marriages and funerals) and established holidays (Christmas, Easter...)
3.3. What obligations did Christians have in the Middle Ages?
3.3.1. Practise charity and lead a virtuous life, it's also important making pilgrimages to holy sites (Rome, Jerusalem and Santiago de Compostela).
3.4. What was the “Peace of God”?
3.4.1. The clergy had to protect the people if they were attacked by the private wars between tycoons (magnates), and punished the nobles if they attacked or exercise their power against the peasants during the days of the Peace of God that the clergy established.
3.5. Who formed the regular clergy?
3.5.1. Monks and nuns.
3.5.1.1. They worked, prayed and lived in monasteries or convents.
3.6. Who formed the secular clergy?
3.6.1. Priests
3.6.2. Bishops
3.6.3. Pastors
3.6.4. Cardinals
3.7. Where did the wealth or income of the Church come from?
3.7.1. From donations from the faithful
3.7.2. From the rents from houses
3.7.3. From sell of agricultural produce from church land
3.7.4. From manorial rights (part of the production)
3.7.5. From the Tithe (tenth of the harvest)
3.8. What were the crusades?
3.8.1. Military expeditions organised by the Pope, who called thousands of warriors (crusaders) to liberate the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims, but they were expelled by Muslims from the conquested territories in the 13th century.
3.9. Which monastic order was the most important in the Middle Ages?
3.9.1. The Benedictines order was the most important order, it was founded in Italy in the 6th century by Benedict of Nursia.
3.10. What tasks did they practice in the monastery?
3.10.1. They were focused on praying and working
3.10.2. Some copied manuscripts in the scripturium while others work in the garden
3.10.3. Cared for the sick and took care of the guest rooms