Cardiovascular Disorder:Hypertension

1. Primary Diagnosis : A condition that can strain the heart and blood vessels.

1.1. If left untreated may lead to Metabolic syndrome, kidney problems, aneurysms, heart attacks and memory changes.

1.2. Potential Diagnosis that present similar way to this Diagnosis: Hypertension, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases often occur together.

1.2.1. This can lead to Atherosclerosis, Vascular inflammation, Endothelial dysfunction and structural changes.

1.2.2. Can contribute to both large and small vessel diseases. The damage to blood vessels and endothelial dysfunction is worsened when hypertension and diabetes are present simultaneously.

2. References:•

3. Summary : The key aspects of High Blood pressure- including its types and risk factors-are through this structured method, understanding these interconnected factors aids in the effective management and prevention of hypertension disorders.

4. References:Inamdar,A. A. & Inamdar, A. C. (2016).Heartfailure: Diagnosis,management, and utilizationLinks to an external site., 5(7). doi:10.3390/jcm5070062 • McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier. o Braun, L. (2024, September 24). Pathophysiology concept mapLinks to an external site.. Care Patron. https://www.carepatron.com/templates/pathophysiology-concept-map

5. Pathophysiology: includes the disruption of renal pressure natriuresis, increased overall vascular resistance, heightened vascular stiffness, and greater vascular responsiveness to stimuli.

5.1. Causes : Obesity, High Sodium intake with low fruit and vegetable consumption, Lack of exercise, Excessive consumption of alcohol or coffee, Smoking, Stress.

5.2. Risk Factors: Family history, Old Age, Genetics, Race

6. Signs and Symptoms: Extreme Headache , Chest Pain , Faintness, Breathing Difficulty, fuzzy Vision, Uneasiness

6.1. Primarily targets the heart, kidneys, brain , eyes and arteries, leading to issues like aneurysms, heart attacks or strokes. if left untreated can damage these organs that leads to organ failure, heart disease and death.

7. Diagnostic Tests or Labs to confirm Primary Diagnosis:

7.1. Urine Test ( Urinalysis)

7.2. Kidney Ultrasound

7.3. Routine Blood Tests: Level of Na, K, Blood glucose, Creatinine, Total Cholesterol and Triglycerides.

8. Treatment: Medication

8.1. Thiazide Diuretics: Help kidneys eliminate water and sodium. First choice of treating Hypertension.

8.2. Beta Blockers: Reduce the heart's workload and relax blood vessels.

8.3. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: Help relax the blood vessels by blocking the production of a natural substance that tightens the vessels.

8.4. Calcium Channel Blockers: Help relax the muscles of the blood vessels or slow down the heart rate.

9. Self Care : Adopting a healthy lifestyle to maintain good health.

9.1. Eating Nutritious foods

9.2. Reduce Salt intake

9.3. Maintain a healthy weight

9.4. Increase Physical Activity

9.5. Limit alcohol consumption

9.6. Avoid Smoking

9.7. Manage Stress