1. Circulation
1.1. Splanchnic Organs
1.2. Portal Vein
1.3. Liver Sinusoids
1.4. Hepatic Veins
1.5. Mesenteric Arteries
1.6. Capillary Loops
1.7. Vasodilators
1.8. Autonomic Regulation
2. Digestion Absorption
2.1. Carbohydrate Absorption
2.2. Protein Absorption
2.3. Fat Absorption
2.4. Electrolyte Transport
2.5. Water Absorption
2.6. Villi
2.7. Microvilli
2.8. Lacteals
2.9. Portal Circulation
2.10. Chylomicrons
2.11. ATP Production
3. Secretions Digestion
3.1. Gland Types
3.1.1. Goblet Cells
3.1.2. Crypts of Lieberkühn
3.1.3. Tubular Glands
3.1.4. Complex Glands
3.2. Phases of Secretion
3.2.1. Cephalic Phase
3.2.2. Gastric Phase
3.2.3. Intestinal Phase
3.3. Regional Secretions
3.3.1. Saliva
3.3.2. Esophageal Mucus
3.3.3. Gastric Juices
3.3.4. Pancreatic Juices
3.3.5. Bile
3.3.6. Intestinal Fluid
3.3.7. Colonic Mucus
4. Physiological Anatomy
4.1. GI Wall Layers
4.1.1. Serosa
4.1.2. Longitudinal Muscle
4.1.3. Circular Muscle
4.1.4. Submucosa
4.1.5. Mucosa
4.2. Smooth Muscle Properties
4.2.1. Syncytium
4.2.2. Electrical Coupling
4.2.3. Dense Body Linkage
4.2.4. Diffuse Junctions
5. GI Pathologies
5.1. Swallowing Disorders
5.1.1. Paralysis
5.1.2. Achalasia
5.2. Gastric Disorders
5.2.1. Gastritis
5.2.2. Ulcer
5.2.3. Pyloric Obstruction
5.3. Intestinal Disorders
5.3.1. Pancreatic Failure
5.3.2. Diarrhea
5.3.3. Obstruction
5.4. Vomiting
5.4.1. Reflex Pathways
5.4.2. Motor Coordination
6. Gastrointestinal Function
6.1. Nutrient Absorption
6.2. Homeostasis
6.3. Motility
6.4. Secretion
6.5. Digestion
6.6. Absorption
6.7. Circulation
6.8. Control Mechanisms
7. Electrical Activity
7.1. Slow Waves
7.2. Spike Potentials
7.3. Depolarization
7.4. Hyperpolarization
7.5. Tonic Contraction
8. Control Systems
8.1. Enteric Nervous System
8.1.1. Myenteric Plexus
8.1.2. Submucosal Plexus
8.1.3. Neurotransmitters
8.2. Autonomic Control
8.2.1. Parasympathetic
8.2.2. Sympathetic
8.3. Afferent Input
8.4. Reflex Arcs
8.4.1. Local Reflexes
8.4.2. Prevertebral Reflexes
8.4.3. CNS Reflexes
8.5. Hormonal Regulation
8.5.1. Gastrin
8.5.2. CCK
8.5.3. Secretin
8.5.4. Motilin
8.5.5. GIP
8.5.6. VIP
8.5.7. Somatostatin