1. Equality of Opportunity
1.1. Special Needs
1.1.1. A. Students with special needs physical or mental were isolated for the school and parents want their children to get an education like the rest of the student body.
1.1.2. B. Education of All Handicapped Children Law (EHA) was passed by Congress in 1975.
1.1.3. C. With this law student with special needs can go into the classroom with assistance if they can handle load of their classes.
1.1.4. D.Regular education initiative (REI)- was put in place because critic of the special needs student did not like Education of All Handicapped Children Law (EHA) would not work because it will take way the education of the other students.
1.1.5. E. Special needs students need the socialization with other students
1.1.6. F. some special need students need inclusion and it will not effect the other students
2. Educational Inequality
2.1. Conflict theorist Perspective
2.1.1. A."reproduce rather than eliminate"
2.1.2. B. Family background= educational outcome
2.1.3. C."inequality and its eradication"
2.1.4. D. Conflict theorist are concern for the equality and results of the educational outcome
2.1.5. E."more radical measures"
2.1.6. F."understanding educational inequality is a difficult task"
3. Educational Reform
3.1. School-to-work programs
3.1.1. Student were educated in afield that they like to do.
3.1.2. School-to-work had core elements that students and program had to follow. 1.) "School based learning. 2.)"worked bases learning. 3.) both school and work learning were combined in activities.
3.1.3. some research don't believe that this reform approach does not work and it sometime fails to its promise for student learning.
3.2. Teacher Quality
3.2.1. "what is clear is that how to recruit and retain high quality teachers is among the most important problems in American education"(531)
3.2.2. Some teachers are in classroom that are not qualified in teaching that subject and this is called "out-of-field teaching" because they don't have the training to teach that subject/class.
3.2.3. The education systems needs to stop hiring "out-field-field teacher because it is not right for children because the teacher might not know what they are doing and it is hurting the children and causing drop out rates to rise.
4. Politics of Education
4.1. Conservative Perspective
4.1.1. A.Conservative view point on social problems should be placed on individual, if you can do it or if you can't do than it up to you as a individual to figure it out.
4.1.2. B.Conservative Perspective helps students get ready for the future and helps them know how to survive in the environment or society
4.1.3. C. Conservative Perspective= human needs
4.1.4. D.Conservative Perspective was originated from Darwinist/Charles Darwin and Conservative Perspective was developed by a sociologist named William Graham Sumner
4.2. Progressivism
4.2.1. A. Progressivism= problem solving
4.2.2. B. Even through Progressivism is a Liberal/Radical perspective. I believe I can still use the conservative Perspective is a progressivism classroom
4.2.3. C. Progressivism is a steady pace to new and better things to succeed in life
5. History of U.S. Education
5.1. Education for women and African-American
5.1.1. A. Catharine Esther Beecher and Mary Lyon were female reformer that open up a school for females.
5.1.2. B. Schools segregated African Americans in schools, when African Americans were allowed to get an education. This happens because whites thought that African Americans should not be educated like the whites or send their children to school with the African Americans.
5.1.3. C.Howard University and Hampton Institute were colleges for African Americans.
5.2. The Democratic-Liberal Schools
5.2.1. A. Main historians of the democratic-liberal schools are Ellwood Cubberly, Merler Curti and Lawrence A. Cremin. Lawrence A. Cremin studied the progressive era and he writes about how the schools and the united states should be involved in the purposes and opportunities for the students.
5.2.2. B. "Progressive evolution"
5.2.3. C."equality of opportunities for all"
6. Sociological Perspectives
6.1. Theoretical Perspective
6.1.1. Interactional Theories
6.1.1.1. Student and student interaction
6.1.1.2. Student and teacher interaction
6.1.1.3. What student and teachers do in the interactional theories is that student turn theirs heads on everyday to learn
6.2. Two Effects of Schooling on Individuals
6.2.1. Knowledge and Attitudes
6.2.1.1. schools do have a impact on the development of the student
6.2.1.2. Student that come from high society class, have high scoring/grades in schools, than student that come from a low society class.
6.2.1.3. More education more likely they will be able to learn about the politic and things going on in the world and read book and newspapers
6.2.2. Employment
6.2.2.1. More education more likely you will get a good paying job
6.2.2.2. Graduating College is good way to get a job than not going to college
6.2.2.3. education does affect employment
7. Philosophy of Education
7.1. Pragmatism
7.1.1. A. generic notions- Instrumentalism and Experimentalism - Progressive that education was for the needs and interest of the students, students can decided and help with the planning of their plan of study in the classroom. Students can work with a within a group and projects is a big thing with Progressive learning. "Freedom and Responsibility" (Dewey188)
7.1.2. B.key researchers John Dewey
7.1.3. C.goal of education- "The importance of the school as a place where ideas can be implemented, challenged, and restructured, with the goal of providing students with the knowledge of how to improve the social order"(188) - to understand school Dewey though of it was a "large project of social progress and improvement"(188) -Goal of Education should reflect needs of the individual. -integration into the society. Goal of Education is Growth, growth in the education and growth in the society.
7.1.4. D.role of teacher- a teacher in a progressive setting is not standing in front of the class teach the class. The teacher will be walking around and help student by give them instruction and then letting figure it out. student- center not teacher-center
7.1.5. E.method of instruction- students learning through group and individually settings. Field trips and projects help children learn about that kind of subjects. Student are rarely sitting in their sits they are walking around and learning things. you would see students talking to each other about things that they are learning. "Independent study or group work"
7.1.6. F.curriculum: Core curriculum and or integrated Curriculum
8. Schools as Organization
8.1. Nature of Teaching
8.1.1. A. Teaching is a very demanding job and Teachers have to qualified and skilled in areas that help teachers be prepared in teaching and handling things inside the classroom and out of the classroom,
8.1.2. B. Heck and Williams book, The Complex Roles of the Teacher: An Ecological Perspective, in their book it says, " These roles include colleague, friend, nurture of the learner, facilitator of learning, researcher, program developer, administrator, decision maker, professional leader, and community activist. This is a daunting list and it leaves out the most important role of the teacher: the caring empathetic, well-rounded person that can act as a role model to students, parents and other professional"(234).
8.1.3. C.positive feedback from students is awesome for teachers.
8.2. Professionalization
8.2.1. A. Dan Lortie is a sociologist with the teacher Professionalization, talks about how teachers have different professionalization than other professions and it discusses about how a doctor gets to know the clients individual but teachers don't get a chance to get to know their student individual like a doctor does.
8.2.2. B. Linda M. McNeil is a educational research and she talks about what teachers have to do in the classroom to keep the class under control and how that can take away from the teaching and learning of the students.
8.2.3. C." teaching is so personal"
9. Curriculum and Pedagogy
9.1. Major Stakeholders in Huntsville City School District
9.1.1. State Senator- Senator Steve Livingstion
9.1.2. House of Representatives- U.S. Representative: Rep. Mo Brooks and State Representative Rep Mike Ball
9.1.3. State Superintendent- Tommy Bice
9.1.4. Representative on State School Board- Ms. Laurie McCaulley
9.1.5. Local Superintendent- Dr. Casey Wardynski
9.1.6. Local School Board- District 1: Ms. Laurie McCaulley, District 2: Beth Wilder, District 3: Ms. Elisa Ferrell, District 4: Mr. Walker McGinnis, and District 5: Mr. Mike Culbreath
9.2. My Approach to Ccurriculum
9.2.1. My approach to curriculum would be a Developmentalist Curriculum
9.2.2. John Dewey
9.2.3. In the Developmentalist Curriculum, teachers make learning interesting and relatable to the individual students based on the students life experiences.
9.2.4. Developmentalist Curriculum is a student-center curriculum
9.3. My choice of pedagogic practice
9.3.1. My choice of Pedagogic Practice is the transformative tradition
9.3.2. The purpose of the transformative tradition is to teach to student in a meaningful way so that they can learn and grow in many ways during the school year especially in "intellectually, creatively, spiritually, and emotionally"
9.3.3. "multidimensional theory teaching" mean teachers find more than one way to teach their students.