1. •Schools as Organizations
1.1. Alabama State Senators
1.1.1. Richard Shelby
1.1.2. Jeff Sessions
1.2. Alabama State Representavies
1.2.1. District 1- Bradley Byrne
1.2.2. District 2 - Martha Roby
1.2.3. District 3-Mike Rodgers
1.2.4. District 4- Robert Aderholt
1.2.5. District 5- Mo Brooks
1.2.6. District 6- Gary Palmer
1.2.7. District 7- Terri Sewell
1.3. State Superintendent
1.3.1. Dr. Tommy Bice
2. •Curriculum and Pedagogy
2.1. Historical Curriculum
2.1.1. Social Efficiency
2.1.1.1. Philosophically pragmatist approach
2.1.1.2. Different type of students with different needs, need different types of schooling
2.1.1.3. School curriculum was tailored to prepare students for diverse places in society
2.2. Sociological curriculum
2.2.1. Functionalists
2.2.1.1. Focus on what is taught and why it is taught
2.2.1.2. Knowledge that students need to become competent members of society
2.2.1.3. Teaching students norms of society and how to live once they finish school
3. •Equality of Opportunity
3.1. Social stratification is hierarchical configuration of families who have differential access to whatever is of value in the society at a given point and over time, primarily because of social, not biopsychological, variables
3.1.1. Caste stratification- social level is defined in terms of some strict ascriptive criteria such as race and/ or religious worth
3.1.2. Estate stratification- social level is defined in terms of the hierarchy of family worth
3.1.3. Class stratification - industrial societies that define social level in terms of a hierarchy of differential achievement by individuals, especially in economic pursuits.
3.2. Class- Students in different social classes have different kinds of educational experiences because of the cost of school with projects ect. and sometimes students in underclass families grow up with lower expectations of finishing school
3.3. Gender- Now in compare to past years girls are becoming more equal in the classroom when it comes to higher education but there is still the problems with dress codes and boys education being more important than a girls
3.4. Race- Even though the schooling for other races has change a lot because of the Civil Rights movement in the 1960s there are still differences in the schools that have higher populations of african americans
4. •Educational Inequality
4.1. sociological explanation of unequal achievement- Funchionalist
4.1.1. Role of the school is to provide a fair and meritocratic selection process for sorting out the best and brightest individuals regardless of family background
4.1.2. results ought to be based on individual differences between students, not on group differences
4.1.3. it is imperative to understand the sources of educational inequality so as to ensure the elimination of structural barriers to educational success and to provide all groups a fair chance with education
4.2. school-centered explanation- Genetic Differences
4.2.1. Cultural bias of IQ test questions
4.2.2. conditions under which test are given
4.2.3. cultural and family differences
5. •Educational Reform
5.1. School based Reform
5.1.1. from the 1980s to now there have been 2 reforms
5.1.1.1. the first primarily concerned with the issues of accountability and achievement
5.1.1.1.1. control in the hands of the state
5.1.1.2. second wave focused on structure and process of the schools themselves
5.1.1.2.1. Control in the hands of the teachers, local schools, and community
5.2. Economic reform
5.2.1. Obama's Race To The Top Fund
5.2.1.1. Aids states in meeting components of No Child Left Behind and preparing students to succeed in college and work place
5.2.1.2. Recruiting, developing, rewarding, and retaining effective teachers and principals where they are needed most
6. Politics of Education
6.1. Conservative Perspective
6.1.1. Individual initiative and hard work
6.1.2. Teach students how to work hard for what they want in life and to not let circumstances portray their future
6.1.3. Schools should lift students up and help them reach their goals rather than lowering standards so students do not have to work hard
6.2. Traditional & Progressive Vision
6.2.1. We should pass on the best that was and currently is
6.2.2. Always working to make tomorrow better than today by learning from the past and working hard
6.2.3. Traditional schooling is important because students need to learn structure but it is also important to learn how students learn and teach in their ways
7. •History of U.S. Education
7.1. Free Public Education
7.1.1. Led by Horace Mann of Massachusettes
7.1.2. Mann was the 1st secretary at the State Board of Education in Massachusetts
7.1.3. His annual reports became a model for schools throughout the nation
7.2. Equality of Oppturnity
7.2.1. Mann's vision of schools as the "great equalizer"
7.2.2. Right after WWII, the GI Bill of Rights was introduced to give service men and women the opportunity to pursue higher ed.
7.2.3. 1940s and 1950s started the rise in "equal education" in all races
8. Sociology of Education
8.1. Relationship between School and Society
8.1.1. Students become like society by socialization with other children
8.1.2. School form students by teaching them about gender roles, stereo types, and race
8.1.3. Schools can change society by teaching kids to not let the labels put on them control their lives, but to work hard for their dreams
8.2. Three Effects of Schooling on individuals
8.2.1. School effects the way students look at the world, either positively or negatively
8.2.2. Teachers are models for students, if a teacher expresses that they do not like a certain subject then most likely the students will not be excited about that either. The opinions of a teacher can greatly effect a child
8.2.3. Labels that get put on students in schools can hurt the students self esteem and self worth. Teachers need to be careful by labeling students because even calling a student gifted or higher than other students can make them think that they are better than other students and could lead to bullying.
9. •Philosophy of Education- Pragmatism
9.1. Generic Notations
9.1.1. "A better society through education.
9.2. Key Researchers
9.2.1. Aristotle and Dewey
9.3. Goal of Education
9.3.1. Teachers in courage students to search for the truth in the world but how to be successful
9.4. Role of Teacher
9.4.1. A teacher's role is to teach their students how to learn and to play an active role in the discussion in the classroom. Relating subjects in the classroom and the real world is important because that is how teachers inspire students.
9.5. Method of Instruction
9.5.1. Problem solving, experiments, non-tradition but natural ways to learn
9.6. Curriculum
9.6.1. core subjects such as math, science, history,reading, writing, also music, art, trades, cooking and sewing