Microphones

1. Condenser

1.1. requires charge in its diaphragm

1.1.1. provides a more detailed captation

1.1.2. more expensive though

2. Dynamic

2.1. cheaper

3. polar patterns

3.1. omnidirectional

3.1.1. not sensitive in a specific direction

3.1.1.1. more useful for recording a choir or ambience

3.2. unidirectional

3.2.1. sensitive to sounds from only one direction.

3.2.1.1. cardioid

3.2.1.1.1. receives sounds from the front, rejecting others. Then it'd be more effective when used for vocal or speech

3.2.1.2. figure 8

3.2.1.2.1. receives sounds from back and front