Cognitive functions and suggested measures for the neuropsychological assessment of adult ADHD N...

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Cognitive functions and suggested measures for the neuropsychological assessment of adult ADHD Numbers represent mean ratings (1=very important, 2=important, 3=neutral, 4=not important, 5=not important at all) by Mind Map: Cognitive functions and suggested measures for the neuropsychological assessment of adult ADHD  Numbers represent mean ratings (1=very important, 2=important, 3=neutral, 4=not important, 5=not important at all)

1. Memory

1.1. Learning (M=3.0)

1.1.1. Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)

1.1.2. Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT-2)

1.1.3. Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML 2)

1.1.4. Logical Memory

1.1.5. Brief Visuospatial Memory Test–Revised (BVMT-R): Total trials 1-5 for visual learning

1.1.6. California Verbal learning test (CVLT): Total trials 1-5

1.1.7. List-learning tests (e.g., California Verbal learning test)

1.2. Short term memory (M=2.8)

1.2.1. Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)

1.2.2. Verbal Learning Memory Test (VLMT): Supraspan

1.2.3. Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT)

1.2.4. Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS): Number repetition and block span

1.2.5. Digit Symbol

1.2.6. Digit Span

1.2.7. Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML 2)

1.2.8. Primarily non-verbal short term memory tasks (e.g.: Knox blocks test)

1.2.9. Vienna Test System: FGT (Supraspan)

1.2.10. California Verbal learning test (CVLT):  Supraspan (DG 1)

1.2.11. California Verbal learning test (CVLT): Short delay recall free and cued total correct

1.3. Long term memory (M=3.1)

1.3.1. Visual and verbal tests (e.g., RCFT and CVLT): assessing number of correct responses and errors

1.3.2. California Verbal learning test (CVLT): Long delay recall free and cued total correct

1.3.3. Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS): Number repetition and block span

1.3.4. Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT)

1.4. Recognition (M=3.3)

1.4.1. California Verbal learning test (CVLT): Recognition discriminablity

1.4.2. Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS): Number repetition and block span

1.4.3. Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT)

1.5. Prospective memory (M=3.0)

1.5.1. Clinical interview

1.5.2. Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT)

1.5.3. no good tests available

1.6. Autobiographical memory (M=3.5)

1.6.1. no tests available

1.7. Association learning (M=3.3)

1.7.1. Probabilistic Reversal learning

2. Executive functions

2.1. Working memory (M=1.7)

2.1.1. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

2.1.2. Digit span

2.1.3. Letter-number span

2.1.4. Letter Number Sequencing

2.1.5. PASAT

2.1.6. Vienna Test System

2.1.7. Test of Attentional Performance (TAP): Working memory

2.1.8. Test of Attentional Performance (TAP): Knox block

2.1.9. Computerized working memory tests

2.1.10. Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)

2.1.11. NBV: Time and correct responses

2.1.12. RT, SD of RT, errors

2.2. Set-shifiting/Cognitive flexibility (M=2.2)

2.2.1. Vienna Test System (e.g.: SWITCH with standard variables)

2.2.2. self-report

2.2.3. Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS): sorting

2.2.4. Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS): switching

2.2.5. TMT (B-A)

2.2.6. Wisconsin card sorting

2.2.7. IVA plus

2.2.8. Stroop based tests

2.2.9. Tower test

2.2.10. Test of Attentional Performance (TAP) (e.g.:Flexibility with SD,RT and errors)

2.3. Inhibitory control/Interference control (M=1.7)

2.3.1. self-report

2.3.2. Stroop test

2.3.3. Stop Signal task (SSRT)

2.3.4. Vienna Test System (e.g.: SWITCH (Interference))

2.3.5. Test of Attentional Performance (TAP): Incompatibility

2.3.6. Arrows/Perceptual-Motor Control Task

2.3.7. Go/no go test

2.3.8. Stop signal RT

2.3.9. Commission errors

2.3.10. Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT)

2.3.11. Continuous performance test (e.g.: IVA)

2.4. Reasoning (M=2.9)

2.4.1. scales of the WAIS

2.4.2. self-report

2.5. Decision making (M=2.4)

2.5.1. self-report

2.5.2. Gambling tests ( e.g.: CANTAB gambling test)

2.5.3. Balloon analog risk task (BART)

2.5.4. Tower of London

2.5.5. Temporal discounting task

2.5.6. RT, SD of RT

2.5.7. no good test available

2.6. Problem solving (M=2.7)

2.6.1. Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS): Action program

2.6.2. WAIS measures

2.6.3. Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS): Zoo-Map

2.6.4. Category test

2.6.5. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

2.6.6. Tower of London

2.7. Task execution (M=2.2)

2.7.1. Self and partner report

2.7.1.1. Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)

2.7.1.2. Conners self report

2.7.1.3. Barkley EF scake

2.7.2. Rey Complex Figure Test: (e.g.: organization score)

2.7.3. Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS): Zoo-Map

2.7.4. IVA plus

2.7.5. RT, SD of RT

2.8. Task planning/Organisation (M=1.7)

2.8.1. Tower of London

2.8.2. Tower of Hanoi

2.8.3. Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS): Zoo-Map

2.8.4. self and partner report

2.8.4.1. Conners

2.8.4.2. Barkley EF scale

2.8.4.3. BRIEF

2.8.5. Modified Six Elements Test

2.8.6. Hogrefe: HOTAP

2.8.7. Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB) - Mazes Test

2.9. Verbal fluency (M=2.9)

2.9.1. Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS): Verbal fluency

2.9.2. Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT)

2.9.3. Verbal fluency task (semantic and phonemic): total words produced over time intervals (e.g., 1-15s, 16-60s), clustering, switching

2.9.4. Regensburger Wortflüssigkeitstest (RWT): Animals

2.9.5. Regensburger Wortflüssigkeitstest (RWT): S-Words

2.9.6. Regensburger Wortflüssigkeitstest (RWT): Alnternation H-T Words

2.9.7. Task planning/Organisation

2.9.7.1. Self-report

2.9.7.1.1. Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)

2.9.7.1.2. Barkley EF scale

2.9.7.1.3. Conners self report

2.9.7.2. Tower of London

2.9.7.2.1. Tower test total correct and rule breaks

2.9.7.2.2. VTS: Tower of London

2.9.7.2.3. ToL: planning time, correct Items, revised decisions

2.9.7.3. Tower of Hanoi

2.9.7.4. Hogrefe: HOTAP

2.9.7.5. Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS): Zoo-Map

2.9.7.6. Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS): Modified Six Elements Test

2.9.7.7. Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB): Mazes

2.9.7.8. RT, SD of RT,  errors

2.9.7.9. no good test available

2.10. Self-monitoring (M=2.0)

2.10.1. self and partner report

2.10.2. Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS): Color-Word Interference errors

2.10.3. Wisconsin Card sorting test (WCST)

2.10.4. Vienna Test System: Cognitrone

2.10.5. Post-error slowing on any computer task

2.10.6. IVA plus

2.10.7. errors and reaction time after errors

2.10.8. no test available

2.11. Emotional control (M=1.6)

2.11.1. self and partner report

2.11.2. Computer-based tests (e.g. in CANTAB)

2.11.3. Balloon analog risk task (BART)

2.11.4. history from patient information

2.11.5. Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)

2.11.6. tests still need to be developed for specific countries

2.11.7. no test available yet

2.12. Initiation (M=2.4)

2.12.1. self and partner report

2.12.2. Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS): e.g.: word fluency test

2.12.3. Random generation task

2.12.4. Digit Symbol

2.13. Concept formation (M=3.0)

2.13.1. Halstead-Reitan: Categories

2.13.2. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

2.13.3. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS): Similiarities

2.14. Feedback learning (M=2.5)

2.14.1. Self-report

2.14.2. Halstead-Reitan Categories

2.14.3. Any learning task with feedback

2.14.4. Probabilistic Learning Task

2.14.5. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

2.15. Time estimation (M=2.0)

2.15.1. self-report

2.15.2. clinical interview

2.15.3. delay aversion (e.g.: Gambling test)

2.15.4. Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS): Temporal judgement

2.15.5. United-Triservices Performance Assessment Battery: Time wall task

2.15.6. verbal time estimation, production, reproduction, discrimination

2.15.7. Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-III): Orientation task to estimate time

2.15.8. no good test available

3. Attention

3.1. Focused attention (M=2.0)

3.1.1. Self-report tests

3.1.2. Reaction time task (including SD of RT, omission and comission errors)

3.1.3. Stroop test

3.1.4. Digit span tests

3.1.5. Tests of delay aversion (e.g.: Gambling test)

3.1.6. Distractibility tests

3.1.7. Vienna Test System (e.g.: WAF-F score)

3.1.8. Test of Everyday Attention telephone search (scaled score)

3.1.9. Bourdon-Vos test (Accuracy, mean RT, and SD RT)

3.1.10. Amsterdam Neuropsychological testbattery (RT, SD, accuracy)

3.1.11. Cancellation task (e.g.: from WAIS-IV (scaled score)

3.1.12. D2 test

3.1.13. Test of Attentional Performance (TAP)

3.1.14. Continuous performance tests

3.2. Sustained attention (M=1.3)

3.2.1. History

3.2.2. Self-report tests

3.2.3. Reaction time task (including SD of RT, omission and comission errors)

3.2.4. Variability across time

3.2.5. Vienna Test System (e.g.: WAF-S score)

3.2.6. Bourdon-Vos test (Accuracy, mean RT, and SD RT)

3.2.7. Amsterdam Neuropsychological testbattery (RT, SD, accuracy, time on task, RT delay after error)

3.2.8. The Attentional Network Test

3.2.9. Test of Attentional Performance (TAP) (e.g.: Vigilance)

3.2.10. Continuous performance tests

3.3. Distractibility (M=1.6)

3.3.1. No test available

3.3.2. Sentence repetititon

3.3.3. Omission and comission errors

3.3.4. Conner's Rating Scales

3.3.5. Self-report and history

3.3.6. Amsterdam Neuropsychological testbattery (RT, SD and accuracy)

3.3.7. DKFS (Switching tasks)

3.3.8. Variability across time

3.3.9. Vienna Test System (e.g.: SWITCH)

3.3.10. Bourdon-Vos test (Accuracy, mean RT, and SD RT)

3.3.11. Stop signal tests (e.g.: CANTAB)

3.3.12. Digit span

3.3.13. Test of Attentional Performance (TAP)

3.3.14. Continuous performance tests

3.4. Spatial attention (M=2.7)

3.4.1. No appropriate test available

3.4.2. Reaction time task (including SD of RT, omission and comission errors)

3.4.3. Visual scanning tasks

3.4.4. Spatial neglect

3.4.5. Amsterdam Neuropsychological testbattery (RT, SD, accuracy)

3.4.6. TEA telephone search

3.4.7. Digit Symbol

3.4.8. Posner's paradigm

3.5. Divided attention (M=2.4)

3.5.1. Self report and history

3.5.2. DKFS Switching tasks

3.5.3. COWAT (Verbal fluency)

3.5.4. Digit Symbol

3.5.5. Theory of Visual Attention from Bundesen et al.

3.5.6. Trail Making Test

3.5.7. Variability across time

3.5.8. Vienna Test System (e.g.: WAF-G with RT, SD and omissions)

3.5.9. TEA telephone search while counting

3.5.10. Amsterdam Neuropsychological testbattery (RT, SD, accuracy)

3.5.11. The Attentional Network Test

3.5.12. Test of Attentional Performance (TAP): Divided attention

3.5.13. PASAT (e.g. Working memory function)

3.6. Vigilance (M=1.7)

3.6.1. History

3.6.2. Self-report

3.6.3. Stimulus omissions

3.6.4. Amsterdam Neuropsychological testbattery, RT, SD, accuracy. time on task, RT delay after error

3.6.5. Vienna Test System (e.g.: Vigilance with Omissions, SD and RT)

3.6.6. Test of Attentional Performance (TAP): Vigilance

3.6.7. the Attention Network Test

3.6.8. Reaction time, SD, ommission and commision errors

3.6.9. Continuous performance tests

3.7. Processing speed (M=2.3)

3.7.1. CPT reaction time

3.7.2. Timed tasks in both visual and auditory responding

3.7.3. Trails test A

3.7.4. Test of Attentional Performance (TAP)

3.7.5. Woodcock Johnson III PS Cluster and Fluency Tests

3.7.6. Vienna Test System

3.7.7. Digit symbol coding

3.7.8. cognitive speed and psychomotor speed tasks

3.7.9. Camcog battery

3.7.10. Attention Network Test (alerting network)

3.7.11. Reaction time measures (e.g.: RT, SD, accuracy)

3.7.12. Digit symbol WAIS IV

3.7.13. Coding WAIS IV

3.7.14. Processing Speed Index of WAIS

4. Language functions

4.1. Comprehension (M=3.1)

4.1.1. Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF): Understanding spoken paragraphs (for young adults)

4.1.2. Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities

4.1.3. Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE): Understanding spoken paragraphs (for older adults)

4.2. Expression (M=3.3)

4.2.1. Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities

4.3. Naming (M=3.3)

4.3.1. Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities

4.3.2. Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT)

4.3.3. Boston Naming Test: total correct

4.4. Repetition (M=3.4)

4.4.1. Wrong button click

4.4.2. Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE): repetition subtests

4.4.3. Sentence repetition tasks

4.5. Reading (M=2.8)

4.5.1. Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities

4.5.2. Dyslexia batteries

4.5.3. General time to complete reading tasks in context of accurate performance

4.5.4. Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE)

4.5.5. Nelson-Denny Reading Test: scaled score

4.5.6. Questionnaires and clinical interview

4.5.7. Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT): reading comprehension

4.6. Writing (M=2.7)

4.6.1. Self- and informant-report

4.6.2. Dyslexia batteries

4.6.3. Digit Symbol

4.6.4. General time to complete writing task in context of accurate performance

4.6.5. Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE)

4.6.6. Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities: writing sample score

4.6.7. Wechsler Individual Achievement Test (WIAT): essay

5. Visuospatial functions

5.1. Spatial perceptive functions (M=3.4)

5.1.1. no tests available

5.2. Spatial cognitive functions (M=3.2)

5.2.1. Block design

5.3. Spatial constructive functions (M=3.3)

5.3.1. Block design

5.3.2. Rey–Osterrieth complex figure (ROCF)

5.3.3. Mosaiktest

6. Perceptual functions

6.1. Visual perception (M=3.1)

6.1.1. CPT (e.g.: IVA plus)

6.1.2. Cancellation scaled score

6.1.3. Visual perception tests (e.g.: from the Halstead Reitan Test battery)

6.2. Auditory perception (M=3.1)

6.2.1. Informal assessment

6.2.2. Auditory perception tests (e.g.: from the Halstead Reitan Test battery)

6.2.3. CPT (e.g.: IVA plus)

6.2.4. Digit Span

6.3. Tactile perception (M=3.4)

6.3.1. Finger Number Weighting

6.3.2. Tactile Finger Recognition

6.4. Olfactory perception (M=3.5)

6.4.1. no tests available

7. Additionally suggested

7.1. Psychological state (M=1.5)

7.2. Personality (M=2.2)

7.3. Intelligence (M=2.3)

7.4. Emotional lability (M=1.6)

7.5. Social functioning (M=1.8)

7.6. Presence of learning disability (M=1.8)

7.7. Presence of gambling problems (M=2.6)

7.8. Malingering (M=1.9)

7.9. Motivation (M=1.7)

7.10. Mathematics (M=3.1)

7.11. State regulation (M=2.1)

7.12. Multitasking (M=2.3)

7.13. Motor inhibition (M=2.0)

7.14. Ability to synthesize (M=2.6)

7.15. Attentional control (M=1.5)

7.16. Figural fluency (M=3.1)

7.17. Hyperactivity/Overactivity (M=1.2)

7.18. Impulsivity (M=1.2)

7.19. Low frustration tolerance (M=1.7)

7.20. Delay aversion (M=2.0)

7.21. Reward processing (M=2.1)

7.22. Mind wandering (M=1.8)

7.23. Response variability/ inconsistency (M=1.7)

7.24. Audio vs. visual processing speed (M=2.7)

7.25. Visual attentional processing (M=2.5)

7.26. Sustained attentional effort (M=1.6)

7.27. Allocentric Visual Memory (M=3.3)