Aristotle

1. Teleological system

1.1. 1. Material cause: material from which the thing is made

1.2. 2. Formal cause: the shape or form a thing must take in order to be recognized

1.3. 3. Effificent cause: actual force used to make thing

1.4. 4. Final cause: what is the ultimate purpose of the thing

2. This World

2.1. The form or essence resides in the things themselves.

2.1.1. Ex: The form of the oak tree is inside of the acorn

2.2. Each thing that we see se part of a teleological (goal oriented) system

3. Biology

3.1. In his Metaphysics, he states "All men by nature desire to know. An example is the delight we take in our senses."

3.2. He believes that nature does nothing by chance. We have been given senses to use them to understand the world

3.3. For Aristotle, to engage the problem of knowledge, we must begin with our senses

4. How do our senses differ from other animals?

4.1. All forms of life have nutritive, reproductive, and locomotive power

4.2. Animals differ by having the power of sensation and perception

4.3. more complex animals have intellectual power (problem solving ability)

4.4. Aristotle argues that humans have a special intellectual power called reason, which is the ability to comprehend universals

5. How does he differ from Plato and Socrates?

5.1. He's a scientific and practical thinker

5.2. He doesn't believe in World of Forms, but thinks everything that we can we understanding are the things we can touch

5.3. He creates and applies a scientific model to philosophical investigation