19th century Nationalism and Revolutions

1. Italian Unification

1.1. The political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century

1.2. Italians gained control of Venetia

1.3. Italian army annexed Rome on September 20, 1870

2. German Unification

2.1. Prussia spearheaded the unification of Germany by appointing Otto von Bismarck as the new Prime MInister

2.2. Militarism

2.3. Gained control of Northern German states and intimidated the southern states enough so they signed treaties for protection from France

3. Romanticism

3.1. Romanticism was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850.

3.2. Famous people of the time period included Ludwig van Beethoven, Edgar Allen Poe, and Mary Shelley

3.3. Some romantics would attempt to explore different states of consciousness through their dreams and nightmares

4. Realism

4.1. Literary Realist in the mid-nineteenth century rejected Romanticism

4.2. Believed the world should be viewed realistically

4.3. Charles Dickens was a very popular realist novelist

5. 19th Century Science

5.1. Created a modern rational approach to study the natural world

5.2. Science came to have a greater and greater impact on people

5.3. Louis Pasteur proposed the germ theory of disease

6. Both were forms of Literature

7. Both unified a country

8. Germans were big on the romantics ideals

9. both had the same thought process but just used for different topics

10. Liberalism

10.1. a political philosophy or worldview founded on ideas of liberty and equality

10.2. Laws, judges, and police are needed to secure the individual’s life and liberty, but their coercive power may also be turned against him.

10.3. American Revolution/ French Revolution

11. Nationalism

11.1. Federalists/ Republicans

11.2. the interests of a particular nation-state are of primary importance. Also, the belief that a people who share a common language, history, and culture should constitute an independent nation, free of foreign domination.

11.3. The Battle of New Orleans in which Americans united at the conclusion of the American Revolution.

12. 19th Century Revolts

12.1. Many Italian revolts were put down by Austrian troops

12.2. Throughout Europe in the mid-nineteenth century, many revolts led to liberal government and systems

12.3. Broad streets made it harder for revolters and easier for the troops

13. French Revolution pt 1

13.1. Middle class demanded the right to vote

13.2. Severe economic problems that brought suffering on the peasants and lower class citizens

13.3. The provisional government called for an election of representatives to a Constituent Assembly

13.4. Set up a new Republic, called the second Republic

14. Socialism

14.1. a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production, as well as the political ideologies, theories, and movements that aim at their establishment.

14.2. Industrial Revolution

14.3. Believed in the equality of all people, Replace competition with cooperation

15. Both were used to overrun government and were put in place for reublics

16. The governments were both taken control by either nationalism or in the case of the French Revolution, Liberalism

17. Both used forms of government and wanted the people to have more power

18. Some of the revolts were used to place a socialist government