1. French Revolution of 1848
1.1. Poor Harvest
1.2. Defeat of Napoleon
1.2.1. Constitutional-liberal fight
1.2.1.1. liberal monarchy of Louis Phillipe
1.2.1.1.1. Limited sufferage in elections
1.2.1.2. Provisional Government of a French Republic
1.2.1.2.1. Socialist
2. Revolution in German lands
2.1. Poor harvest
2.1.1. disease
2.1.2. unemployment
2.1.2.1. increased crime
2.1.2.2. still paying taxes
2.1.2.3. in the large population
2.2. citizens requested "March demands"
2.2.1. Constitution of the German Confederation
2.3. Conflicts between Germans and Poles
3. Austria
3.1. Strong nationalism
3.1.1. very diverse
3.1.1.1. discrimination
3.1.1.2. German Constitution
3.1.1.2.1. Imperial Patent
3.1.1.2.2. Hungary and Transylvania become a separate state
3.1.2. Austrian-German national liberalism was strong
3.1.2.1. Academic Legion
3.2. Magyars
3.2.1. most powerful ethnic group
3.2.2. Promoted Magyar tongues
3.2.2.1. Other ethnic groups disliked this
3.3. Protests turn violent
3.3.1. troops withdrew from Vienna
3.3.2. Prince Metternich fell from power
3.4. Urbanization
3.4.1. less uneducated rural peasants
3.4.1.1. Abolition of the Robot Obligations