1. TYPICAL ERRORS
1.1. 1
1.1.1. The man sitting next to me he had a brown jacket .
1.1.1.1. ERROR : REPITITION OF SUBJECT
1.1.1.2. CORRECTED : The man sitting next to me had a brown jacket.
1.2. 2
1.2.1. He lent me the book , which I found it very useful.
1.2.1.1. ERROR : REPITITION OF COMPLEMENT
1.3. 3
1.3.1. The winner , that was 25 , will receive 5000 euros.
1.3.1.1. ERROR : USE OF THAT IN NON-DEFINING
2. The girl WHO lives next door is from Poland .
3. people (after preposition)
3.1. The people for WHOM I work do not like dogs.
4. A. DEFINING
4.1. 1. WHAT IS IT ?
4.1.1. GIVES ESSENTIAL INFORMATION : IT TELLS US WHICH PERSON / THING WE ARE TALKING ABOUT
4.2. 2. EXAMPLE
4.2.1. 'The man who is downstairs is my brother.'
4.2.1.1. Which man is your brother? The man who is downstairs .
4.3. 3. CHARACTERISTICS
4.3.1. CAN OMIT RELATIVE PRONOUN UNLESS THE SUBJECT OF THE VERB
4.3.1.1. EXCEPTION : WHOSE and WHERE cannot be omitted.
4.3.1.2. e.g.
4.3.1.2.1. CAN OMIT
4.3.1.2.2. CANNOT OMIT
4.3.2. CAN USE 'that' instead of WHO or WHICH
4.3.3. NO COMMAS
5. B. NON-DEFINING
5.1. 1. WHAT IS IT ?
5.1.1. NON-ESSENTIAL EXTRA INFORMATION
5.2. 2. EXAMPLE
5.2.1. 'My brother , who lives in Paris , is a great teacher '
5.2.1.1. 'who lives in Paris' is extra information : I could omit it .
5.3. 3. CHARACTERISTICS
5.3.1. CANNOT OMIT RELATIVE PRONOUN e.g. who
5.3.2. CANNOT USE 'that'
5.3.3. MUST USE 2 COMMAS e.g. , who lives in Paris ,
6. C. RELATIVE PRONOUNS & ADVERBS
6.1. WHO
6.1.1. people
6.2. WHOM
6.3. WHOSE
6.3.1. possession or belonging
6.3.1.1. The students WHOSE marks are above 75% can skip the final exam.
6.4. WHICH
6.4.1. things OR the idea of a whole sentence
6.4.1.1. thing
6.4.1.1.1. Our house , WHICH stands on an old burial site , is said to be haunted.
6.4.1.2. idea
6.4.1.2.1. The local government decided to introduce a new law forbidding plastic bags , WHICH should help keep the area more pollution-free.
6.5. THAT
6.5.1. people or things but ONLY in DEFINING CLAUSES when a complement .
6.5.1.1. This is the house THAT Jack built .
6.6. WHEN
6.6.1. time
6.6.1.1. That was the day WHEN my sister was born.
6.7. WHERE
6.7.1. place
6.7.1.1. The place WHERE we stayed was excellent .
6.8. WHY
6.8.1. cause
6.8.1.1. That's the reason WHY she didn't come .