1. Describe the impact of ownership on content andpresentation
1.1. not neutral
1.1.1. prodominatley conservative vein points.
1.2. Public
1.2.1. BBC is publically funded, relies on liscnce fee. it is supposed to be free from bias, claims to be politically independent. Not reliant on advertising revenue.
1.2.1.1. Regulated by OFCOM
1.2.2. State Control. Governments restrict content. information is censored. in some single political countries only governments view is promoted. Also sensitive information may be restricted to the mass audience by democratic governments.
1.3. Private
1.3.1. News papers, Broadcasters owner by companies and share holders
1.3.1.1. Regulated by OFCOM
1.3.2. Agendas are less objective, Rely on advertising revenue, Target audiences, Less impartial,
1.4. Legal limits to the medias freedom.
1.4.1. Liable
1.4.1.1. untrue statement which may cause a person to suffer negative backlash.
1.4.2. Official Secrets Act
1.4.2.1. offence to publish without authorisation
1.4.3. Defence advisory Notice
1.4.3.1. Requests to journalists not to publish something sensitive.
1.4.4. Race Relations and Radical and Religious Hatred Act
1.4.4.1. banns publications of anything that will incite hatred and discrimination.
1.4.5. The obscene Publications Act
1.4.5.1. Prevents indecent and depraved content
1.4.6. Contempt of Court
1.4.6.1. reporting opinions about a case which is in court. to prevent an unfair trial due to jury prejudice.
1.4.7. Invasion of privacy
1.5. Lack of diversity in the media despite huge product choice
1.5.1. 7 individuals own the newspapers. Always been a low amount of owners
1.5.1.1. Concentration. Media is controlled by a small number of companies and individuals
1.5.1.1.1. Gives a lot of power to neither elected or accountable. (Brown 2011.pg 308.)
1.5.2. Ideas Promoted are limited
1.6. Conglomeration
1.6.1. Globalisation means that Transnational corporations (TNCs) are operating globally
1.6.1.1. In 2008 six British companies provided 86% of internet service, tv phone and mobile.
1.7. Horizontal Integration
1.7.1. News corporations own newspapers, tv channels, film studios and book publishers
1.8. Vertical Intergration
1.8.1. Films produced and shown in own cinema chains
1.9. Extends interest into other fields
1.9.1. Diversification
1.9.1.1. Virgin tv, travel, money, insurance, banking, mobile
1.9.2. Synergy
1.9.2.1. Film and books and merchandise
1.9.3. Convergence
1.9.3.1. Team up with tech to access info on multiple platforms.
1.10. Finacial resources are controlled by owners
2. Analysis of the research relating to how stereotyping transmit meaning to audience.
2.1. Norm setting
2.1.1. Emphazing and reinforcing conformity to social norms
2.2. Labelling applied to an individual or group based on over simplifies characteristics.
2.2.1. Perpetuates fixed ideas about them.
2.2.2. Perceived as a threat to society
2.2.3. Isolate those who don't conform,Moral panics and folk devils.
2.2.4. Difference of opinion or failure to conform is regarded as Extremeist and given little or negative coverage.
2.3. Gender
2.3.1. Stereotyping gender is often seen in the media, Males are usually seen as dominant masculine breadwinners, in high power roles such as Directors and bosses, whereas women are often stereotyped as sex objects, housewives, with less dominant job roles such as PAs and beauticians.
2.3.2. It can have a very negative impact on audiences as the rise in air brushed images gives unrealistic and unachievable expectations
2.4. Ethnicity
2.4.1. Black crime
2.4.1.1. Subjects of Moral panics
2.4.2. Threatening to white culture
2.4.2.1. Sharia law
2.4.3. Abnormal/Deviant Hiab arranged marriages
2.4.4. Unimportant.
2.4.4.1. White missing child is given more coverage than a child of different ethnicity
2.4.5. Underrepresented
2.4.6. Ethnic minorities negatively portrayed
2.5. Disability
2.5.1. Negative
2.5.1.1. Vllians in films
2.5.1.2. Possess super powers
2.5.2. reliant
2.5.2.1. Burden on families
2.5.2.2. Weak and pathetic
2.6. Sexuallity
2.6.1. Deviant
3. Analyse implications for the individual of the power of mass media
3.1. Instant access
3.1.1. Wode range of sources via internet and social media, it is possible to access world wide news almost immediately.
3.2. It shapes audiences perception of the world.
3.2.1. People take information from media as reliable and as evidence.
3.2.2. If it was not reported only the people involved would know about it.
3.2.3. knowledge and opinions base on evidence from media not person experience.
3.3. Hypodermic Syringe Model
3.3.1. Marxist
3.3.1.1. P
3.3.2. Controls the masses
3.3.2.1. Audience is passive and excepts information given to them
3.3.2.2. Children are impressionable
3.4. Increased sources of media but from few view points
3.5. Two Step Flow
3.5.1. Information passed on by Molecular Leaders for discussion to a wider social group
3.5.1.1. Audience is active
3.5.2. Pluralist
3.6. Cultural effects Theory
3.6.1. DRIP DRIP effect
3.6.2. Presented ruling class ideology gradually in a way that it becomes normal to the poleretat
3.6.2.1. Ruling class achieve hegemony
3.6.3. Neo marxist
3.7. Selective Filter
3.7.1. Exposure
3.7.1.1. Audience chooses what to engage with
3.7.2. Perception
3.7.2.1. Agree or disagree with information
3.7.3. Retention
3.7.3.1. Remember content and pass it on.
3.7.3.1.1. agreeable content remembered better.
3.8. Gate keeping
3.8.1. Keeping issues out of public veiw
3.9. Agenda setting
3.9.1. selection of content covered by the media.
3.9.1.1. News Values