Walker and White Ch 1
저자: Javiera Rebolledo
1. Communicative Competence
1.1. Linguistic comptence: to know how the language works, to fit together sounds to make words, and put words into grammatical sentences.
1.2. Sociolinguistic comptence: understanding how language is used in context.
1.3. Discourse competence: is the abitily to create and use larger pieces of language to create texts or conduct conversations.
1.4. Strategic competence: the ability to manage and navigate communication to repair communication breakdowns, and work around unfamiliar areas of language.
2. Digital competence
2.1. Procedural competence: the ability to manipulate the technology in terms of hardware and applications.
2.2. Socio-digital competence: understanding what is appropiate to use in different social contexts and knowledge domains.
2.3. Digital discourse competence: the ability to manage an extended task, possibly using several applications and/or types of equipment.
2.4. Strategic competence: the ability to repair problems and work around the gaps in technological knowledge and skills.
3. From CALL to TELL
3.1. CALL: technology is seen as assisting language learning,
3.2. TELL: wider range of technological devices which are fully normalized in daily life.
4. History Call
4.1. Warschauer and Kern (2000)
4.1.1. Structural CALL: based on a view of language as a formal system of structure (i.e. grammar, phonology, etc.)
4.1.2. Communicative CALL: knowledge about language is constructed in the learner's brain.
4.1.3. Integrative CALL: multimedia and internet-applications.
4.2. Bax (2003)
4.2.1. Restricted CALL: types of questions, tasks, responses, and feedback tend to be closed.
4.2.2. Open CALL: open-ended interactions with both computers and, occasionally, with other users.
4.2.3. Integrated CALL: will be achieved when the technology is fully normalized.