1. Managing Workload
1.1. Consider discussion frequency
1.2. Encourage use of audio/video responses
1.3. Review forum a few times each week
1.4. Respond to subgroup of students in each forum
1.5. Grade subset of discussion forums
1.6. Provide audio/video feedback
1.7. Address student questions during class session
2. Design
2.1. Use high level discussion questions
2.1.1. Go beyond fact reporting, yes and no responses and questions
2.1.2. Case-based questions
2.1.3. Role-play questions
2.1.4. Reflection application questions
2.2. Use diverse discussion formats
2.2.1. Multimedia discussions (text, audio, video)
2.2.2. Class and small group discussions
2.2.3. Instructor- and student-led discussions
2.3. Use discussion platforms
2.3.1. Voicethread (cloud-based platform for presentation and discussion around multimedia)
2.3.2. Padlet (online whiteboard)
2.3.3. Vialogues (discussion around videos)
3. Facilitation
3.1. B-D-A Framework (Vacca, Vacca, & Mraz, 2016)
3.1.1. Before Discussion
3.1.1.1. Provide Tutorial, Clear Instructions, Communicate Expectations Early, Provide examples of discussion posts, build online commumity
3.1.2. During Discussion
3.1.2.1. Participate in discussion, answer Qs, provide compliments, share additional resources, ask critical questions; Encourage students to provide peer feedback
3.1.3. After Discussion
3.1.3.1. Summarize discussion, post discussion summary with key points, clarify misconceptions and answer additional Qs
4. Grading
4.1. Rubrics
4.1.1. Utilize a generic, simple or detailed rubric with clear grading criteria
4.2. Feedback
4.2.1. Be specific, timely, positive, constructive feedback to students