INTRODUCTION TO THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY

1. Effects On Public Health And Environment

1.1. 1. Biodegradable organic matter

1.1.1. Produce anaerobic conditions in receiving water • These conditions will kill /drive off aerobic organisms

1.2. 2. Thermal pollution from petrochemical discharges

1.2.1. Death /decreased productivity of aquatic species. • Decrease oxygen solubility, enhance atmospheric transfer and increase biological activity

1.3. 3. Toxic Substances

1.3.1. • 1. Toxic at very low levels (ug/L range) • 2. High level and maybe accumulated in organism in high trophic

1.4. 4. Air Pollution

1.4.1. • From combustion of fuel such as PM, CO, SO2, NO, hydrocarbon and

1.5. 5.Aesthetic effect

1.5.1. • Objectionable odors • Unsightly floating material • Coloured or turbid water • Foaming

2. Petrochemical in malaysia

2.1. Kerteh terengganu

2.2. Gebeng,pahang

2.3. Pasir gudang,johor

2.4. Bintulu sarawak

3. Management philosophy

3.1. Environmental Protection - Protecting the quality of the environment- most effective of handling excess the product

3.2. Cost of Environmental Protection -It is less expensive to install equipment initially than to convert a production process

4. PETROCHEMICALS • Any chemicals which are derived from petroleum or natural gas. : includes a very wide variety of compounds from acetylene to vinyl chloride.

5. Waste Stream and Petrochemical Generation Products

5.1. Primary generation - use as feedstock in synthesis of intermediate and third generation petrochemical products • Raw material: crude oil, natural gas,

5.2. Secondary(intermediate) and third generation - exposure of feedstocks to specific process conditions, which dictate the chemistry of transformation. • Process included: polymerization, hydration,

6. • Energy conversion processes are complex but viable and stimulating owing to the rapidly changing climate conditions in which we live