1. Elements
1.1. Only one element
1.2. Not naturally occurring
1.3. Cannot be separated by chemical methods
1.4. Horizontal
1.4.1. Group
1.4.1.1. Similar chemical properties
1.5. Vertical
1.5.1. Period
1.6. Metal
1.6.1. Shiny & malleable
1.7. Non-Metal
1.7.1. Dull & non malleable
2. Compounds
2.1. 2/+ elements chemically combined
2.2. Chemical reaction
2.3. Can be separated using chemical methods
2.4. Compounds do not retain the same properties as their constituents elements
3. Atoms
3.1. Consists of (sub-atomic particles)
3.1.1. Nucleus
3.1.1.1. Protons
3.1.1.1.1. Charge
3.1.1.1.2. Relative mass
3.1.1.2. Neutron
3.1.1.2.1. Charge
3.1.1.2.2. Relative mass
3.1.2. Around the nucleus
3.1.2.1. Electron
3.1.2.1.1. Charge
3.1.2.1.2. Relative mass
3.2. Simplest unit of an element
3.3. The size of an atom is very small, it cannot be seen with the naked eye
3.4. It is electrically neutral because the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons
3.4.1. The number of positive charges is equal to the number of negative charges in an atom and so the net charge is zero
3.5. Models of an Atom
3.5.1. Electric structure/Configuration
3.5.1.1. Electrons are distributed into electron shells (circles)
3.5.1.1.1. Write (first shell).(second shell).(third shell)
3.5.1.2. Each electron shell can only hold a certain number of electrons
3.5.1.2.1. 1st electron shell holds 2 electrons
3.5.1.2.2. Subsequent electrons shell can hold 8 electrons
3.6. Isotopes
3.6.1. Isotopes are the same element with the same number of protons and electron but different neutrons
3.6.2. Calculation
3.6.2.1. x% x y + j% x z
3.6.2.1.1. =100%=
3.7. No. of Neutrons
3.7.1. (Mass number) - (Atomic Number) =
3.8. Mass of an Atom
3.8.1. (Mass of Protons) + (Mass of Neutrons) =
4. Mixture
4.1. 2/+ substances mixed but not chemically combined
4.2. Formed by physical change
4.3. Can be separated by physical seperation
4.4. Mixtures retain the same properties as their constituents
4.5. Constituents in mixtures do not have fixed proportion
4.6. Solutions
4.6.1. Mixture in which one substance dissolves completely in another substance
4.6.1.1. Solute
4.6.1.1.1. Substance that dissolves in the solvent
4.6.1.1.2. Solubility
4.6.1.2. Solvent
4.6.1.2.1. Substance in which the solute dissolves
4.6.1.2.2. Rate of Dissolving
4.6.2. Particles of the solute cannot be seen
4.6.3. The solute does not settle
4.6.4. Light can pass through fully
4.7. Suspension
4.7.1. A mixture that contains insoluble substances in liquid (definition)
4.7.2. If left undisturbed, insoluble substances can settle to the bottom
4.7.3. Light cannot pass through it fully
4.7.4. Insoluble substances can be removed by filtration
4.7.5. Insoluble substances can be seen
4.8. Alloys
4.8.1. A mixture of a metal with other elements in the periodic table (definition)