Ethical Stewardship of Native American Archives

1. Relevance of PNAAM for Native American Archives

1.1. Protocols for Native American Archival Materials (PNAAM) History

1.1.1. 1990 Native American Graves Protection Act (NAGPRA)

1.1.2. 1995 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) Protocols

1.1.3. 2006 PNAAM issued and endorsed by SAA in 2018

1.1.4. 2007 United Nations Declaration of Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)

1.2. Marginalization

1.2.1. erasure and exclusion

1.2.2. displacement and dispossession

1.3. Self-determination and Sovereignty

1.3.1. cultural survival

1.3.2. living memory

1.3.3. reconciliation and decolonization

1.3.4. the right to know

1.4. Code of Ethics vs Native American rights and privileges

1.4.1. information/knowledge vs objects

1.4.2. open access, privacy, and public domain

2. PNAAM's impact on stewardship

2.1. Relationship building

2.1.1. inclusion and recognition

2.1.1.1. consultation with tribal communities and tribal leadership

2.1.1.2. consent

2.1.2. mutual trust and respect

2.1.3. different perspectives

2.1.3.1. awareness of tribal communities, tribal history, traditional knowledge

2.2. Access and use

2.2.1. levels of access, use and restrictions

2.2.2. attribution

2.2.2.1. intellectual/cultural property rights

2.2.3. privacy and confidentiality

2.2.4. research policies

2.2.4.1. agreements between institutions and communities

2.2.5. barriers and racial bias in research spaces

2.3. Active Repatriation

2.3.1. rights of possession

2.3.2. co-custody/in-trust agreements

2.3.3. knowledge repatriation

2.3.4. physical return of collections and materials

2.4. Cultural sensitivity

2.4.1. storage and preservation

2.4.1.1. methods of special treatment

2.4.2. copying and sharing

2.4.2.1. digitization

2.4.3. curation and context

2.4.3.1. language preferences

2.4.3.2. traditional knowledge labels

2.4.3.3. authenticity

2.4.3.4. interpretation

2.5. Reciprocity

2.5.1. training and education

2.5.1.1. care of collections

2.5.1.2. motivations for keeping archives

2.5.2. diversity in administration

2.5.2.1. community representation on advisory boards