1. Included
2. Philosophy of Education
2.1. Realism
2.2. Pragmatism
2.3. Existentialism
2.4. Neo-Marxism
2.5. Idealism
2.5.1. Education should move individuals in the direction of good
2.5.2. Since Plato, St. Augustine, Rene' Descartes, Immanuel Kant, and George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
2.5.3. The search for truth through ideas rather than through the examination of the false shadowy world of matter.
2.5.4. Role of Teacher is to bring out what is already in a child's mind. The teacher should also support a moral education.
2.5.5. Dialectic Approach: through questioning, students are encouraged to discuss, analyze, synthesize and apply what they have read to contemporary society.
2.5.6. Back to the basics, classic literature, core curriculum
3. Notes
4. Politics of Education
4.1. Liberal
4.2. Radical
4.3. Conservative
4.3.1. Individuals and/or groups must compete in the social environment to survive
4.3.2. Human progress is dependent on individual initiative and drive.
4.3.2.1. Progressivism
4.3.2.2. Traditional
4.3.2.2.1. Schools should pass on the traditional values of U.S. society, such as hard work, family unity, and individual initiative
4.3.2.2.2. Competition is welcomed and there is a recognition of right and wrong
4.3.3. Capitalism is both the most economically productive system and the system that is most respectful of human needs
4.3.4. Emphasis is placed on the individual and their ability to earn or not earn within a market economy
4.4. Neo-Liberal
5. Schools as Organizations
5.1. Professionalism
5.1.1. Teachers should share in important decisions with the school
5.1.2. Teachers are unlike any other profession in that professionalism standards are different because socialization is limited amongst peers
5.1.3. Looking into the future, school based management may have a positive effect on teacher professionalism
5.2. The Nature of Teaching
5.2.1. Caring, empathetic, well-rounded person who acts as a role model to students, parents, and other professionals
5.2.2. Teachers must wear many hats; therefore the roles switching can be very demanding
5.2.3. Teachers develop classroom strategies that evolve into a teaching style that is an artistic expression all of their own.v
6. Curriculum and Pedagogy
6.1. Curriculum Theory
6.1.1. Humanist theory
6.1.1.1. Generally supported by conservatives due to the strong classification between academic subjects
6.1.1.2. Knowledge of the traditional liberal arts is the cornerstone of an educated population
6.1.1.3. The purpose of education is to present to students the best of what has been thought and written
6.1.2. Social Efficiency
6.1.3. Developmentalist
6.1.4. Social Meliorist
6.2. State Representatives of Education
6.2.1. State Senator: Jeff Sessions and Richard Shelby
6.2.2. House of Representatives: Mo Brooks
6.2.3. State Superintendent: Dr. Tommy Bice
6.2.4. Representative of State School Board: Mary Scott Hunter
6.2.5. Local Superintendent: Mr. Matt Massey
6.2.6. Local School Board: Mr. Jeff Anderson
6.3. Approach to Curriculum
6.3.1. Mimetic Approach
6.3.1.1. the purpose is to transmit specific knowledge to students
6.3.1.2. Dialectic Method, used by Plato is typically used and relies on lecture and presentation
6.3.1.3. The heart of this approach is the relationship between the teacher and the student, and that education is a process of transferring information from one to the other.
6.3.2. Transformative Approach
7. History of U.S. Education
7.1. The Rise of the Common School
7.1.1. Horace Mann, lobbied for a state board of education. Once created by legislature in 1837, he became the first secretary and served for 11 years.
7.1.2. Due to Mann's efforts, the first teacher training school was established in Lexington, Massachusetts, 1839.
7.1.3. Mann worked to establish the common school, or free publicly funded elementary school.
7.2. Education for Women
7.2.1. 1821, Emma Hart Willard opened the Troy Female Seminary in Troy, New York. This was the first female school that taught the same curriculum as male schools, such as math, science, history and geography
7.2.2. Mary Lyon, a pioneer in secondary education founded Mount Holyoke Seminary in 1837.
7.2.3. Many womens colleges began to open throughout the nineteenth century. The University of Iowa became the first state university to allow women.
8. Sociological Perspectives
8.1. Functional Theory
8.1.1. Values and Cohesion
8.1.2. Consensus is the norm. Conflict represents a breakdown of shared values.
8.1.2.1. Effects of Schooling
8.1.2.1.1. Employment
8.1.2.1.2. Knowledge and Attitude
8.1.2.1.3. Education and Mobility
8.1.3. Educational reform is supposed to create structures, programs and curricula that are technically advanced, rational, and encourage social unity.
8.2. Conflict Theory
8.2.1. Schedule
8.2.2. Budget
8.3. Interactional Theory
8.3.1. KPI's
9. Equality of Opportunity
9.1. Special Needs Individuals
9.1.1. 1975 EHA law passed to guarantee that special needs children were identified and placed in the appropriate classroom
9.1.2. In the late 1980's, the regular education initiative (REI) was pushed to mainstream special needs individuals into regular classes
9.1.3. Controversies continue today over whether students are over-labeled as special needs or if these students should really be provided an inclusive education
9.1.4. Neuro and cognitive specialists argue that there are teal cognitive differences among children and the students often need separate special education placement
9.1.5. Disability researchers argue that children are over-labeled and that inclusive education is a life sentence that labels these kids for the rest of their lives
9.1.6. What is needed is flexibility for some students who need an inclusive class and for some who need separate placement.
10. Educational Inequality
10.1. Conflict Theory
10.2. Functionalist Theory
10.2.1. Functionalist believe that the role of schools is to provide a fair and meritocratic selection process for sorting out the best and brightest individuals, regardless of family background.
10.2.2. The Functionalist Theory has been the foundation of liberal education since the 1960's.
10.2.3. Believe that unequal educational outcomes are partly the result of unequal educational opportunities
10.2.4. The source of inequality should be found to provide all groups equal chances of success
10.3. Interactionist Theory
10.3.1. Suggests that one must understand how people interact on a daily basis in order to comprehend the factors explaining academic success or failure
10.3.2. Interactionist theory is necessary to grasp the whole issue
11. Educational Reform
11.1. Neo-liberal
11.1.1. EEP, Education Equality Project created by Joel Klein and Reverend Al Sharpton
11.1.2. EEP created to create effective schools for every child
11.1.3. In order to create effective schools, the EEP works to ensure that every school has a highly effective teacher and principal.
11.1.4. EEP also works to create system wide accountability and empower parents to demand the best out of their schools and from themselves.
11.1.5. EEP believes that in order to eliminate the achievement gap, failing teachers should not be protected.