Race in Latin America

1. Colombia

1.1. Black movement

1.1.1. The new Constitution contained clauses recognizing the “multi ethnic and pluricultual” character of the nation, which theoretically helped the cause of people seeking to push blackness into the political arena

1.2. Indigenous movement

1.2.1. Indigenous identity was institutionalized, black identity was not.

2. Brazil

2.1. Racial formation theory: Once it is recognized that race is not a natural attribute analyze the processes by which racial meanings are decided and racial identities assigned in a given societty

2.1.1. Black movement - opened up political terrain for social movement activities, and the politicization of racial identities.