1. Active Cooling Technology
1.1. Uniformity of internal cooling
1.1.1. Turbulators
1.1.2. Pin fins
1.2. Ultimate discrete hole film cooling
1.2.1. Discrete holes
1.2.2. Rows of evenly spaced holes
1.2.3. Fan-shaped holes
1.2.4. Crater-shaped holes
1.2.5. Single-passage
1.2.6. Multi-passage
1.3. Microcooling
1.3.1. Highly distributed channels
1.3.2. Sheets of metal bonded together with distributed pins
1.3.3. Properly sized holes
2. Component Design
2.1. Thermal stress reduction
2.1.1. Uniform temperature profile
2.1.2. Better material properties
2.2. Controlled and adaptable cooling
2.2.1. Modulation valve feeding an entire blade row
2.3. Wall thickness
2.3.1. Radial profile
2.3.2. Non-uniform thickness
3. Systems Design
3.1. Low-emission combustor-turbine systems
3.1.1. Trapped Vortex Combustion
3.2. Regenerative cooling
3.2.1. Closed-Circuit Air Cooling
4. Maximizing Efficiency
4.1. Increase L/d ratio
4.1.1. Single long flow path
4.1.2. Coils
4.2. Increase wetted surface area
4.3. Minimize Pressure Loss through Passage
5. Increase Aerodynamics
5.1. Smooth airfoil
5.2. streamline body
5.3. Banked Edges
6. Hot Gas Flow Paths
6.1. Reducing incident heat flux
6.1.1. Shield
6.1.2. TBC
6.2. Secondary flows as prime HGP cooling
6.2.1. Leakages and purge flows
6.3. Mico-3D HGP surfaces
6.3.1. Contoured flow path end walls
6.3.2. Nonaxisymmetric end walls
6.3.3. Alternate shaping of airfoil-end-wall fillet regions
6.3.4. Surface riblets
6.3.5. Surface depressions or dimples
6.3.6. Swirl chambers
6.3.7. Surface roughness
7. 3D Print Complex Geometries
7.1. Printer tolerances
7.2. Material extrusion (FDM) printers
7.2.1. Support structure
7.3. Material choice
7.4. Minimum hole diameteter
8. Maximize Effectivness
8.1. increase turbine entry temperature
9. Analysis
9.1. Finite Element
9.1.1. Mesh
9.1.2. Vibration
9.1.3. Stress
9.2. CFD
9.3. Static test
9.4. Rotating heat transfer test
9.4.1. unsteady conjugate heat transfer analysis