modal verbs

1. Express

1.1. Ability

1.2. Necessity

1.3. Permission

2. Can

2.1. Present ability

2.2. Examples

2.2.1. Can he Swim?

2.2.2. Yes, he can

2.2.3. No, he can"t

3. Could (1)

3.1. Past Ability

3.2. Examples

3.2.1. Could, he swim, when he was 5 years old?

3.2.2. Yes, he could

3.2.3. No, he couldn"t

4. Could (2)

4.1. Polite Request

4.2. Examples

4.2.1. Could you pass me the sugar?

4.2.2. Yes, of course

5. May

5.1. Polite Request

5.2. Examples

5.2.1. May I use the bathroom

5.2.2. Yes, you may

5.2.3. No, you may not

6. would

6.1. Polite request

6.2. Examples

6.2.1. Would you hold this for me

6.2.2. Yes, of course

7. Shall

7.1. suggestion

7.2. Examples

7.2.1. Shall we go now?

7.2.2. Yes we shall

7.2.3. No. we shallnot

8. Needn"t

8.1. Need not

8.2. Example

8.2.1. We have milk, you needn"t buy any

9. Mustn"t

9.1. Must not

9.2. Example

9.2.1. you mustn"t tell lies

10. Must

10.1. Necessity

10.1.1. "Have to"

10.2. Examples

10.2.1. We must go now