1.1. Cognitive development means how children think, explore and figure things out. It is the development of knowledge, skills, problem solving and dispositions, which help children to think about and understand the world around them.
2. Lev Vigotsky - Socio Cultural Theory of Cognitive Development
2.1. The sociocultural theory of Vygotsky is an emerging theory in psychology that looks at the important contributions that the company makes to individual development. It is called sociocultural theory because this theory highlights the interaction between the development of people and the culture in which they live. It suggests that human learning is very much a social process.
3. Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development
3.1. Kohlberg's theory of moral development is a theory that focuses on how children develop morality and moral reasoning. Kohlberg's theory suggests that moral development occurs in a series of six stages.
3.2. The three levels of moral reasoning include preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. By using children's responses to a series of moral dilemmas, Kohlberg established that the reasoning behind the decision was a greater indication of moral development than the actual answer.
4. Ivan Pavlov - Classical Conditioning
4.1. Classical conditioning is a type of learning that happens unconsciously. When you learn through classical conditioning, an automatic conditioned response is paired with a specific stimulus. This creates a behavior. We're all exposed to classical conditioning in one way or another throughout our lives.
5. Sigmund Freud - Psychosexual Development
5.1. Freud believed that personality developed through a series of childhood stages in which pleasure seeking energies from the id became focused on certain erogenous areas.
5.2. during five psychosexual stages, which are the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages. the erogenous zone associated with each stage serves as a source of pleasure.
6. Erik Erikson - Psychosocial Development
6.1. Erikson’s psychoanalytic theory of psychosocial development has eight stages from infancy to adulthood. According to him personality develops in a predetermined order, and builds upon each stage. During each stage, the child experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome on personality development,
6.2. He believed that successful completion of each stage results in a healthy personality and failure to successfully complete a stage can result in a reduced ability to complete further stages and therefore a more unhealthy personality and sense of self.
