Internationalization of Education (from Maringe & Foskett, 2010)

1. Globalization

2. International Law

2.1. taxes

2.2. bans/censorship of educational materials

2.3. restrictions of online instructional materials

2.4. protocols in government approval of foreign programs

2.5. immigration of staff & students across nations

2.6. General Agreement in Trade and Services (GATS)

3. International Political Organizations

3.1. World Trade Organization (WTO)

3.2. Lisbon and Bologna Processes

3.3. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

3.4. Organization for Economic and Cultural Development (OECD)

3.5. The World Bank

4. Social Issues

4.1. brain drain of talented students & staff to rich nations

4.2. increased competition for students, staff, resources & funding

4.3. greater demand for HE globally

5. Issues & Challenges

5.1. limited views of internationalization

5.2. dominance of Western models of globalization

5.3. lack of coherence in the nature of university products for globalization

5.4. lack of performance assessment measures for internationalization "success"

5.5. incoherent strategies & standards for curriculum internationalization

5.6. lack of leadership for university internationalization

5.7. lack of a common strategic response