1. NERVOUS SYSTEM
1.1. Intertaction process
1.1.1. Function : Enables to perceive changes and stimuli to interpret and generate coordinated respo ses.
1.1.2. Objectives : 1) to adapt the body to internal(body) and external enviorement . 2) to connect the different organs in the body
1.1.3. Homeostasis :to maintain stable the internal enviorement of the body . Example : body temperature .
1.1.4. Process : stimulus 》 sense organs 》nerve centres 》 effector organs
1.2. Functions
1.2.1. 1) Responsible for perceiving , interpreting and emiting responses .
1.2.2. 2) Transmits and processes all the information
1.3. Composition
1.3.1. NEURONS (specialised cells) : are anatomical and functional units .
1.4. Organisation
1.4.1. Central
1.4.1.1. Consists of the brain and the spinal cord .
1.4.1.2. Brain :
1.4.1.2.1. Cerebrum : holds the memory , intelligences and cognition.
1.4.1.2.2. Cerebellum : maintains muscle tone , balance of the body and activities .
1.4.1.2.3. Medulla : controls automatic functions ( heartbeat)
1.4.1.3. Spinal cord : motor nerves and sensory nerves come from it , that generate reflex movements .
1.4.2. Peripheral
1.4.2.1. Consists of nerves that connect the CNS
1.4.2.2. Sensory nerves : carry info from sensory receptors to the CNS
1.4.2.3. Motor nerves : take info from CNS to the muscles and glands.
1.4.3. Somatic
1.4.3.1. Regulates responses in which the effectors are muscles.
1.4.3.2. Voluntary action : requires a decision that we have made
1.4.3.2.1. Sensory neuron : collect info from a receptor and transform it to a nerve impulse . Sending it to the spinal cord
1.4.3.2.2. Interneurons : interpret the nerve impulse and generate a response.
1.4.3.2.3. Motor neurons : transmit the nerve impulse to the effector .
1.4.3.3. Reflex action : very fast involuntary response , produced in the spinal cord.
1.4.3.3.1. Sensory neuron : transmitts info received by a receptor to the spinal cord .
1.4.3.3.2. Interneuron : geneartes the response in the spinal cord
1.4.3.3.3. Motor neuron : carries the nerve impulse to a effector
1.4.4. Atonomic
1.4.4.1. acts autotomatically and cannot be controlled
1.4.4.1.1. Sympathetic : acts at time sof stress , tension or danger . Increase in energy expenditure prepare us to adverse situations
1.4.4.1.2. Parasympathetic : acts when we relax . Decrease in energy expediture , returns to the nromality .
1.5. Disorders
1.5.1. Infectious
1.5.2. Degenerative
1.5.3. Autoimmune
1.5.4. Mental disorders
2. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
2.1. Hormones
2.1.1. Chemicals produced by glands .
2.1.2. Only act on whose cells have specific receptors called target organs ans cells .
2.1.3. Regulates cell metabolism , sexual maturation , growth...ect
2.1.4. Slower responses but longer - lasting effects .
2.2. Glands
2.2.1. Hypothalamus : nervous ( related to sleep and feelings)and endocrine ( consists of secreting releasing factor )function ;
2.2.2. Piutary gland : small gland located below the hypothalamus .
2.3. Diseases
2.3.1. Grave's disease
2.3.2. Dwarfism
2.3.3. Gigantism
2.3.4. Diabetes