1. Blood path through heart
1.1. Blood from systemic circuit
1.2. venae cavae
1.3. right atrium
1.3.1. tricuspid valve
1.4. right ventricle
1.4.1. pulmonary valve
1.5. pulmonary trunk
1.6. pulmonary arteries
1.7. alveolar capillaries(lungs)
1.8. left atrium
1.8.1. Mitral valve
1.9. Left ventricle
1.9.1. aortic valve
1.10. aorta
1.11. Blood to systemic circuit
2. Heart actions
2.1. atrial systole/ventricular diastole
2.1.1. Blood flows passively into ventricles
2.1.2. remaining 30% of blood pushed into ventricles
2.1.3. av valves open/semilunar valves close
2.1.4. ventricles relaxed
2.1.5. ventricular pressure increases
2.2. atrial diastole/ventricular systole
2.2.1. av valves close
2.2.2. chordae tendinae prevent cusps of valves from bulging too far into atria
2.2.3. atria relaxed
2.2.4. blood flows into atria
2.2.5. ventricular pressure increases and opens semilunar valves
2.2.6. blood flows into pulmonary trunk and aorta
3. Heart sounds
3.1. lubb
3.1.1. first heart sound
3.1.2. occurs during ventricular systole
3.1.3. a-v valves closing
3.2. dupp
3.2.1. second heart sound
3.2.2. occurs during ventricular diastole
3.2.3. pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves closing
3.3. murmur
3.3.1. abnormal heart sound
4. Circuits
4.1. Systemic Circuit
4.1.1. Delivers oxygen to body cells, carries waste away
4.2. Pulmonary Circuit
4.2.1. eliminates carbon dioxide via the lungs and oxygenates the blood
5. heart
5.1. size of 14cm by 9 cm
5.2. Location
5.2.1. posterior to sternum,
5.2.2. medial to lungs,
5.2.3. anterior to vertebral column,
5.2.4. base lies beneath 2nd rib,
5.2.5. apex at 5th intercostal space,
5.2.6. lies upon diaphragm
5.3. Wall
5.3.1. Epicardium(visceral pericardium)
5.3.1.1. forms a protective outer covering; secretes serous fluid
5.3.2. Myocardium
5.3.2.1. Contracts to pump blood from the heart chambers
5.3.3. endocardium
5.3.3.1. Forms a protective inner lining of the chambers and valves
5.4. Chambers
5.4.1. Right atrium
5.4.1.1. recieves blood from: inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, coronary sinus
5.4.2. left atrium
5.4.2.1. recieves blood from pulmonary veins
5.4.3. right ventricle
5.4.3.1. receives blood from right atrium
5.4.4. left ventricle
5.4.4.1. receives blood from left atrium
5.5. Valves
5.5.1. Tricuspid
5.5.1.1. Right atrioventricular orfice
5.5.1.2. prevents blood from moving right ventricle into right atrium during ventricular contraction
5.5.2. pulmonary valve
5.5.2.1. entrance to pulmonary trunk
5.5.2.2. prevents blood from moving from pulmonary trunk into right ventricle during ventricular relaxation
5.5.3. mitral valve
5.5.3.1. Left atroventricular orfice
5.5.3.2. prevents blood from moving from left ventricle into left atrium during ventricular contraction
5.5.4. aortic valve
5.5.4.1. entrance to aorta
5.5.4.2. prevents blood from moving from aorta into left ventricle during ventricular relaxation
6. Cardiac muscle fibers
6.1. Cardiac muscle fibers form a functional syncytium
6.2. group of cells that function as a unit
6.2.1. atrial syncytium
6.2.2. ventricular syncytium