1. Historical perspective
1.1. Franz Gall
1.1.1. Proposed that: distance between bumps on the skull reveals personality traits
1.1.1.1. Phrenology
1.2. Hippocrates
1.2.1. Human behaviors are based in 4 temperaments
1.2.1.1. Choleric (yellow liver)
1.2.1.2. Sanguine (red-heart)
1.2.1.3. Melancholic( black liver)
1.2.1.4. Phlegmatic(white-lung)
2. Neo-Freudians
2.1. Adler
2.1.1. Superiority complex
2.1.2. Social tasks
2.1.2.1. Societal tasks
2.1.2.2. Love tasks
2.1.2.3. Occupational tasks
2.2. Inferiority complex
2.3. Erikson
2.3.1. Personality is developed throughout your life
2.3.2. Stages of psychosocial crisis
2.3.2.1. Autonomy vs shame (will) 1-3
2.3.2.2. Initiative vs Guilt (purpose) 3-5
2.3.2.2.1. Industry vs inferiority (competency )5-12
2.3.2.2.2. Identity vs role confusion (fidelity) 12-18
2.3.2.3. Intimacy vs isolation (love) 18-40
2.3.2.4. Generativity vs stagnation (care ) 40-65
2.3.2.5. Ego integrity vs despair (wisdom) 65+
2.3.2.6. Trust vs mistrust (hope) 0-1
2.3.3. Interpersonal relationship are more important tan sexual energy
2.4. Jung
2.4.1. The collective unconscious is a universal version of the unconscious
2.4.1.1. Mental patterns or memory traces
2.4.1.1.1. These ancestral memories are called archetypes
2.4.2. 2 attitudes or approaches towards life
2.4.2.1. Introversion
2.4.2.2. Extroversion
2.4.3. The focus of analytics of psychology is on working to balance opposing forces of conscious and unconscious thought and experience within ones personality
2.5. Horney
2.5.1. Each individual has the potential for self realization
2.5.1.1. Coping styles
2.5.1.1.1. Moving against people
2.5.1.1.2. Moving away from people
2.5.1.1.3. Moving toward people
3. Psychodynamic perspective Freud
3.1. Stages of psychosexual development
3.1.1. Oral 0-1
3.1.2. Anal 1-3
3.1.3. Phallic (genital) 3-6
3.1.4. Latency (none) 6-12
3.1.5. Genial +12
3.2. Unconscious
3.3. EGO
3.3.1. Id & superego
3.4. Defense Mechanisms
3.4.1. Denial
3.4.2. Displacement
3.4.2.1. Low:uncooperative
3.4.3. Projection
3.4.4. Rationalization
3.4.5. Reaction formation
3.4.6. Regression
3.4.7. Repression
3.4.8. Sublimation
3.4.9. Sublimation
4. Behavioral perspective
4.1. Skinner
4.1.1. Nurture over nature
4.1.1.1. Personality traits are not inborn
4.2. Maslow
4.2.1. Hierarchy of needs theory
4.2.1.1. Self actualization e
4.2.1.2. Esteem needs
4.2.1.3. Love needs
4.2.1.4. Safety needs
4.2.1.5. Physiological needs
4.2.1.5.1. People were motivated by feelings of inferiority in childhood
4.3. Behave on prior learning
4.3.1. Behave in certain way
4.3.2. Theory of birth order
4.3.2.1. The youngest will be spoiled
4.3.2.2. The middle ones will help get both along
4.3.2.3. Older siblings will be overachievers
4.3.3. Personality develops over our entire life not only the first few years
4.3.3.1. Increasing the ones that lead to positive results
4.4. Bandura (social-cognitive )
4.4.1. Reciprocal determinism
4.4.2. Observational learning
4.4.2.1. Personality is shaped by actions
4.4.3. Learning new behavior patterns when we see others performing them
4.4.4. Decrease the ones that don’t
4.4.5. Self efficacy
5. -
6. Humanistic approaches
6.1. Carl Rogers
6.2. We experience congruence when our thoughts about our real and ideal self are similar
6.3. Divided the self
6.3.1. Real: the person you actually are
6.3.2. Ideal: the person you would like to be
6.4. Masloww
7. -
8. -
9. -
10. -
11. Biological approaches
11.1. Minessota
11.1.1. Twins even when we are separated that have pretty similar personalities
11.2. Somatoypes
11.2.1. Endomorph
11.2.1.1. Average size bones, solid torso, low levels of fat, sociable and fun
11.2.2. Mesomorph
11.2.2.1. Equilibrarse body of muscles and bones. Energetic and like sports
11.2.3. Ectomorph
11.2.3.1. Tall, thin, emotional and with social problems.
12. Traits approaches
12.1. The five factor model (OCEAN)
12.1.1. Oppenes
12.1.1.1. High: curious and independent
12.1.1.2. Low: impulsive and conventional
12.1.2. Conscientiousness
12.1.2.1. High: organized and hardworking
12.1.2.2. Low: impulsive careless
12.1.3. Extroversion
12.1.3.1. Low: quiet, reserves
12.1.3.2. High: outgoing, warm
12.1.3.3. High: outgoing, warm
12.1.4. Agreeableness
12.1.5. High: helpful and emphatic
12.1.6. Neuroticism
12.1.6.1. High: anxious, unhappy
12.1.6.2. Low: Calm, secure
13. Cultural understandings
13.1. Universal
13.1.1. Some personality traits don’t depend on culture
13.2. Culture- specific
13.2.1. Asian: collectivism
13.2.2. Central and South African: openness 
13.2.3. European: neuroticism
13.2.4. Indigenous
13.2.5. Indigenous
13.3. South approaches
13.3.1. Cultural-comparative
13.3.2. Combiness